摘要： Thailand has depended heavily on imported fossil fuels since the 1990s, which hindered the nation's economic development because it created uncertainty in the nation's fuel supply. An energy conservation policy was implemented in 1995 to require industries to reduce their energy intensity (EI) and consumption immediately. This study investigates the effectiveness of the policy between 1995 and 2010 using the hybrid input–output approach. Surprisingly, EI improvement was observed in only a few sectors, such as transportation, non-metallic, paper, and textile. An embodied energy decomposition analysis revealed that while households were the largest energy consumer in 1995, energy consumption in exports exceeded that of households in 2000, 2005 and 2010. In addition, structural decomposition analysis revealed the final demand effect was the strongest factor in determining the efficacy of energy conservation, whereas the energy efficiency effect was not an effective factor as expected for decreasing energy consumption. Policy barriers and conflicting economic plans were factors that affected the outcome of these energy policies. •The hybrid IO technique was employed to analyse energy intensity of Thailand.•No clear evident of EI improvement in most of industries, thus fail to achieve the policy target.•Household and export sector had played a crucial role in energy consumption increase.•IO SDA method found that energy efficiency was not an offset factor for consumption increase.•Policy barriers were conflicting economic plans, fuel subsidy policies and inefficient process. 出版者： Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd 出版日期： 2016-11 出處： Energy policy, 2016-11, Vol.98, p.210-220 版權： 2016 Elsevier Ltd 版權： Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Nov 2016 識別號： ISSN: 0301-4215 識別號： EISSN: 1873-6777 識別號： DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2016.08.028 識別號： CODEN: ENPYAC
