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| 題名: | Assessment of carbon monoxide (CO) adjusted non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) emissions of a motor fleet - A long tunnel study |
| 作者: | 劉文治;Liu, Wen-Tzu;Chen, Sheng-Po;Chang, Chih-Chung;Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng;Liao, Wei-Cheng;Su, Yuan-Chang;Wu, Yue-Chuen;Wang, Chieh-Heng;Wang, Jia-Lin |
| 貢獻者: | 環境監測技術聯合中心 |
| 關鍵詞: | acetylene;Applied sciences;atmospheric chemistry;Atmospheric pollution;butanes;carbon monoxide;emissions;ethylene;Exact sciences and technology;fuels;isomers;mixing;NMHC;NMHC/CO ratio;OFP;ozone;pentane;Pollution;Pollution sources. Measurement results;toluene;traffic;Transports;Tunnel study |
| 日期: | 2014-06-01 |
| 上傳時間: | 2026-04-23 15:04:11 (UTC+8) |
| 出版者: | Elsevier Ltd.;Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd |
| 摘要: | 摘要： Speciated hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and CO were simultaneously measured by evenly distributed samples along the entire length (12.9 km) of the tunnel in different traffic conditions. Four passes (two round-trips) were made at four different fleet speeds (i.e., 45, 65, 75 and 85 km h−1). Individual NMHC and CO mixing ratios were observed to be sensitive to the fleet speed, which is compounded by driving conditions and traffic volumes. We propose using ratios of NMHCs to CO to cancel out the factor of traffic volumes to determine CO-normalized NMHC emissions, such that a less biased comparison can be made between different fleet speeds in this study and even between different studies. Moreover, to obtain robust CO-normalized NMHC emissions which are sufficiently representative of the fleet speeds, only samples collected deep inside the long-tunnels between 8 and 12 km were used. Of the 61 target NMHCs, isomers of butane, pentane, ethylene, acetylene and toluene were the most abundant species regardless of the driving conditions. We observed that different driving conditions not only affected the emission strengths but also altered the compositions of the NMHCs. To simplify the data analysis, the target NMHCs were classified into four chemical groups, i.e., alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and alkynes. For the slower and more congested driving condition (fleet speed = 45 km h−1), the CO-normalized NMHC emissions were the highest, with alkanes contributing to approximately 60% of the total NMHC levels, suggesting poorer fuel utilization at slower driving conditions. In terms of the CO-normalized ozone forming potentials (OFPs), the contribution of the alkanes diminished dramatically to approximately 9–22% despite their high weight percentage, whereas the contribution of the alkenes was enhanced significantly to 50–60% from their weight percent of only approximately 26%. Our total NMHC to CO ratios of 0.06–0.20 for the four fleet speeds generally fall within the range constrained by many other tunnel or chassis dynamometer studies; however, the sensitivity to the driving conditions and the robustness with the long-tunnel data are better demonstrated in this study. •Speciated NMHCs and CO were measured inside a long tunnel.•Using CO as a reference to cancel out the factor of traffic volume.•CO-normalized NMHCs were sensitive to the driving conditions – slow vs. fast.•Alkenes and aromatics are predominant in the OFPCO-normalized.•Our NMHC/CO for the four fleet speeds fall within the range from literatures.
出版者： Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd
出版日期： 2014-06-01
出處： Atmospheric environment (1994), 2014-06, Vol.89, p.403-414
資源來源： ScienceDirect - Freedom Collection
版權： 2014 Elsevier Ltd
版權： 2015 INIST-CNRS
識別號： ISSN: 1352-2310
識別號： EISSN: 1873-2844
識別號： DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.01.002 |
| 顯示於類別: | [環境監測技術聯合中心] 期刊論文
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