| 摘要: | 相對於中國大陸廣大的腹地與低廉的營運成本，台灣地區腹地狹小且營運成本高昂。對台灣的企業而言，藉由全球運籌佈局及營運，加入全球產業供應鏈，取得所需的原料與市場，是現今產業發展所面臨的營運課題。為活絡國內經濟發展，並提供企業一個良好的投資、營運環境，政府設立了加工出口區、科學工業園區、保稅工廠、保稅倉庫等機構，提供國內外企業一個經營的環境。 港埠，是經貿活動的樞紐，而自由貿易港區 (Free Trade Zone, FTZ) 的觀念與作法，已被廣泛的應用在全世界主要的經貿區域與許多國家，做為全球產業供應鏈的承接點。我國政府於2003年通過自由貿易港區設置管理條例，著手於包含基隆港、台北港、台中港、高雄港及桃園機場等四港一空自由貿易港區之設立與規劃。其中，桃園航空自由貿易港區為國內現階段唯一的航空園區，以經濟地理的觀點而論，規劃桃園航空自由貿易港區做為台灣產業與國際產業供應鏈接軌的接泊點，吸引國內與國際大廠到港區內設立亞太營運據點，對維繫台灣產業的競爭優勢將會是一項助力。 本研究以產業供應鏈的觀點對桃園航空自由貿易港區的發展策略與進駐事業經濟效益分析等進行探討與分析。研究內容包含以下五個主要議題：一、自由貿易港區制度與國內其他免稅出口區或保稅區之比較。二、桃園航空自由貿易港區之區位優勢、鄰近產業園區、主要產業分布及群聚效果之探討。三、目前經由桃園國際機場航空運送之進、出口貨物資料、貨物特性、所屬產業供應鏈節點及其營運型態之分析。四、對已簽約預定進駐之企業，分析其所屬產業供應鏈節點、營運型態及主要競爭優勢，及成為自由港區事業前、後之成本效益分析。五、桃園航空自由貿易港區之招商策略之探討。 本研究首先以法制與稅賦的觀點，對於國內多種保稅機制進行比較，並提出一個簡單的量化計算模式 (第三章)。而後，經由多次的實地觀察、進駐企業深度訪談、國內外專業文獻、政府官方統計資料等方式，獲取研究所需的初級與次級資料。經整理與分析後，本研究將桃園航空自由貿易港區周遭工業區之產業類別及產值等資料予以彙整 (第五章)，並進而探討其區位優勢。再以官方資料對桃園國際機場的貨物進出狀況進行統計分析，以釐清國內產業營運及對空運的使用現況 (第四章)。透過對進駐企業進行多次結構化訪談，及桃園航空自由貿易港區實地觀察，本研究將港區內可行的運籌模式分為(1) 空運進出口運籌模式、(2) 一般保稅區課稅區進出運籌模式、(3) 海運進口/空運出口運籌模式、(4) 委外加工運籌模式，以及 (5) 逆物流運籌模式等五大類型，並對此五模式提供一個簡單的量化模型，提供進駐企業於進駐時的一個參考 (第六章)。 最後，基於本研究觀察與彙整的內容，提出桃園航空自由貿易港區短、中、長期等三階段招商策略，並分別以國內廠商招商、國際廠商招商與特定產業招商等構面進行說明。此外，依據本研究所分析的資料，對桃園航空自由貿易港區的經營策略，及包含發展國際物流中心與境外航運中心等兩個未來發展方向提出初步政策性建議 (第七章)。期望本研究所提出的觀點與建議，能對政府單位於自由貿易港區之規劃與管理有所裨益。 Development Strategy of the Taoyuan Free Trade Zone Taiwan: Perspective of Global Supply Chains A Free Trade Zone (FTZ) is one or more areas of a country where tariffs and quotas are eliminated and bureaucratic requirements are minimized in order to attract companies to do business there. These zones are often used by multinational corporations to set up their factories or distribution centers. The Farglory Free Trade Zone, located near Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport is a free-trade air cargo zone which has already operated since the end of 2005. It covers an area about 450,000 square meters which connected to the apron by a 600m express taxiway by which the global material flows can be integrated efficiently with the economics of the value-added processing area, the air-cargo terminal, and even the industrial parks in northern Taiwan. In this project, the development strategy of Taoyuan Free Trade Zone Taiwan is well studied from the perspective of global supply chains. We discuss firstly the basis models of global supply chains, and then the following issues are concerned: 1.Comparison of the Free Trade Zone with the other tariff-free zones from the perspective of laws and regulations. 2.Input-Output analysis refers to imported and exported goods of the Taoyuan International Airport. 3.Competitiveness analysis of the Taoyuan FTZ in terms of infrastructure, industrial location, industrial distribution, regional economics as well as industry clusters. 4.Quantitative economic evaluation models for the enterprise located in the Taoyuan FTZ. 5.Schedule-structured interview and telephone interview of enterprises located in the Taoyuan FTZ, and thereby analyze their motivations, expectations and problems. 6.Promotion and development strategy for the Taoyuan Free Trade Zone. Further, business models for the enterprises using Taoyuan FTZ are identified to be five categories in which their material-logistics are well analyzed: 1. Value-added processing in FTZ model, 2. FTZ-industrial park integration model, 3. Airport-seaport integration model, 4. FTZ with outsourcing model, 5. Reverse logistics and RMA (Return Merchandise Authorization). Based on the analysis above, this research proposes a development strategy framework for the Taoyuan FTZ. In it, the promotion and development issues are well discussed in terms of time horizon, and state that the promotion could be focused on the high-tech industry, light industry, logistics-based competitiveness industry, and so on. Finally, some implications and policy suggestions are stated: 1.Strategic position of the Taoyuan FTZ for Taiwan economics 2.Integrity of responsible organizations of the Taoyuan FTZ 3.Promotion and development framework of the Taoyuan FTZ 4.Operations framework of the Taoyuan FTZ 5.BOT issues of the Taoyuan FTZ 6.Extension of the Taoyuan FTZ for the development of industry clusters 7.Global logistics optimization considering the business in mainland China. 研究期間：9506 ~ 9511 |
