軌道不整檢測為軌道養護與維修中及極為重要的項目，檢測與維護的目的在於將不整度控制在容許的範圍內，確保列車營運的安全及乘車舒適度，隨著高速鐵路行駛速度的提升，檢測及管理的軌道不整波長範圍相對較廣，不整程度的控制也較為嚴格。為了提升軌道不整檢測作業之效率，以及改善軌檢車使用弦測法(Chord-based measurement system)無法全面檢測所有波長不整的缺點，本研究於軌檢車車廂內及軸箱上安裝感測器進行量測，配合希爾伯特黃轉換(Hilbert-Huang Transform, HHT)訊號處理方法，解決軌道不整曲線及列車反應皆為非穩態特性的問題；透過一系列車輛系統測試、車輛振動反應分量內涵分析，進而有效識別不同波長的軌道不整分量，並可與軌檢車弦測法測得的結果一致。除此之外，本研究根據弦測法量測的正矢量(versine)與真實軌道不整波形間，有一定量測倍率的特性，使用軌檢車測得的正矢量資料，結合HHT處理技術，提出一軌道不整波形回復的分析流程，期能建構一套完整反應軌道狀況之檢測系統與識別方法。The requirements for inspection and management of track irregularity have to be more rigorous due to safety and serviceability concerns as the increment of the train speed of high speed train. The wavelength of track irregularity significantly affects running safety and riding comfort. To improve inspection operation efficiency and address the inability of the mid-chord offset method currently used on track inspection cars to identify some irregularity wavelengths, a measurement and assessment method is presented in this paper. Non-stationary and nonlinear vehicle dynamic response data caused by irregularities were measured by accelerometers mounted on the axle-box of a vehicle. The Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) technique was applied to analyze the data. Components of specific irregularity wavelength could be effectively identified and accurately matched to the data measured by the track inspection car. Additionally, to obtain the complete waveform of the track irregularity, this paper propose a restoration method of track irregularity that combines the characteristics of the measurement magnification in the chord-based measuring system and the HHT signal processing techniques.
