| 摘要: | 南幫票號的興起、興盛到沒落僅不過半個世紀。探究其興起的主要原因是因為其與晚清的官僚體系緊密結合有著極大關聯，其沒落之因也是因為與官場牽連過深，一時官逼存款便陷入倒閉的危機。
本文除了緒論與結論外，尚分為三大章節。第一章敘述清廷因為「鴉片戰爭」與「英法聯軍」兩次戰爭失敗開放了五口通商口岸，而導致中外貿易關係產生巨大變化。晚清時期的中國內憂外患不斷，龐大的軍費支出，使得清廷政府面臨著財政缺口嚴重不足的窘境。因此，清廷官員為了籌措各種經費，資本雄厚的票商便成為官員們急欲攏絡的對象，這也為南幫票商的崛起創造有利的發展契機。
第二章從南幫的創始者「胡光墉」作為個案研究，由胡光墉與左宗棠之間的互動事例作為研究探討對象，探討南幫票商與晚清官僚以及清廷財政三者之間的關係。並由胡氏之例來分析當清廷政府面對財政經費不足，軍費、軍餉等龐大開支時，清政府如何與票商建立合作的關係；而身為南幫票商的胡光墉又如何運用自身亦官亦商的身分為國家舉借外債外，又替自己賺取到巨額的經手費利潤。
第三章企圖從胡氏企業的衰敗，端看其對於清廷官員以及上海的經濟有何影響。以及從胡氏投資生絲貿易失敗後，又加上權臣惡意的查帳與擠兌，致使其所開設的票號、錢莊一時無法應付資金缺口，導致迅速落敗的失敗之例來分析南幫票商所面臨的危機。
簡言之，本文欲以胡氏之例，來分析南幫票商如何運用靈活的手腕與清廷官員間產生密切的互動，分析多數南幫票商因與清廷官員關係匪淺，一旦遭到政敵惡意的政治傾軋，便會導致迅速敗亡的危機。
;There was only half a century for Nanbangpiaohao (NBPH), banking system in Qing Dynasty (QD), from its development, prosperity to declination. Late Qing Bureaucracy (LQB) spoke for the reason to its prosperity. However, the heavy involvements of officialdom caused its declination. Consequently, the system was caught in great risk of bankruptcy due to a run on the bank mainly caused by the officialdom.
The research includes five chapters, introduction, main body, and conclusion: The first chapter relates immense changes in terms of international trade between foreign countries and QD. The changes were resulted from the Opium War and Anglo-French Alliance. Five major seaports were forced to be opened to foreign trade. During LQD, there were unceasing foreign invasion and internal disarray in China. Immense military expenditure forced Qing Government to face serious financial distress. In order to increase governmental income, the bankers with great fortune became a flattery object to the government officials. The circumstance formed the advantageous fortune to the bankers developing their business. The second chapter is a case study about the founder of NBPH, Hu Guang-yong（胡光墉）. The interaction between Hu Guang-yong and Zuo Zong-teng（左宗棠）and the bond among bankers from NBPH, LQD, and Qing finance are major research objects. Through Hu’s case, the research analyzes how the government built the collaboration tie with the bankers under the situation of distressed finance turmoil. Meanwhile the research also investigates how Hu used his special status, an official for Qing government and a NBPH owner to borrow foreign loan for his nation, and made a huge sum of brokerage from the process. The third chapter explores the following aspects: the impact of Hu's declination to Qing officials , the economics in Shanghai（上海）and the crisis that the NBPH bankers was facing. Due to Hu’s investment defeat on skill trading, and a run on bank caused by malevolence withdrawing deposits from some powerful courtiers. Consequently, Hu’s enterprise corrupted because Hu’s NBPHs and other private banks could not manage a huge financial gap caused by the malevolence.
This research takes Hu’s case analyzing frequent interaction between witty NBPH bankers and Qing officialdom. Once their political interests are opposed, the political opponents would jostle against one another. The result shows that intimacy interaction and involvement between two sides was the major reason for rapid declination to NBPH. |
