| 摘要: | 工程履約過程中，瑕疵之發生在所難免，施工中瑕疵通常係運用三級品管之程序完成改善，至於竣工與驗收階段，倘若尚有瑕疵時，則關於改善修補或減價收受等程序則做法不一，並且由於瑕疵由何方認定、受瑕疵影響之一方為何，瑕疵是否得保留於保固階段改善，或如何辦理扣款等程序不同，以致常常形成爭議。
民法第 <492條規定> 承攬人完成工作，應使其具備約定之品質，及無減少或滅失價値或不適於通常或約定使用之瑕疵。故工程上之瑕疵，可區分為「品質瑕疵」、「價値瑕疵」與「效用瑕疵」三類。除非契約另有約定，承包商於承攬工程時須擔保其所使用之材料及設備為新品，且工作成果必須符合契約之所有要求，任何不能符合前述之情形皆應視為「瑕疵」。
綜上，對於瑕疵發生時兩方之權利與義務皆有界定，但對於完工後業主何時驗收、業主若拒絕驗收時是否附有遲延給付之賠償責任等等，皆有模糊之處且時常衍生爭議。因此，本研究透過司法爭議案例，研討工程瑕疵爭議之因果關係，以佐證驗收瑕疵契約與處理方式改善之必要性與應具備內容。最後利用問卷調查，排列出實務中，民間工程所產生各項移交障礙類別之頻率與爭議款項相對總工程價金之影響程度。對於未來遇見瑕疵認定之問題時，可以第一時間釐清與歸納。更加明確積極的處理，避免雙方無法達成共識，致使拖延而模糊或放大雙方爭點。
;During the performance of the project, it is inevitable that defects of the work will emerge during the process of construction. In the completion and final acceptance stage, the procedure for remedying defects or, alternatively, price reduction due to defects, will follow. However, the practice in Taiwan’s construction industry may deviate towards the convenience of the employer, in which the employer may abuse its power of rejection for leveraging a number of benefits or favors. The contractor often finds itself in the dilemma of admitting to an unfair price reduction or prolonged defect remedy iterations for final acceptance.
In summary, there are definitions of the rights and obligations for both parties at the time when the dispute occurred. However, there are many ambiguities whether the employer chooses to accept the work at completion, or, facing certain defects, to refuse to accept the work. Therefore, this research examines the causal relationship of defects by judicial dispute cases to support the necessity of acceptance clause in the contract, and to propose an effective measure for resolving those ambiguities surrounding the issues of defects in completion. Furthermore, using the questionnaire survey, sorted by the frequency of the transition barrier categories and the influence of the disputed costs relative to the total project price, this research is able to propose a set of effective measures, which is positively recognized by industry experts. |
