本研究旨在分析 TPASS 通勤月票政策對桃園市跨城際通勤者運具選擇行為的影響，並採用 PLS-SEM MXL 整合模型進行分析。該模型結合偏最小平方結構方程模式（PLS-SEM）與混合羅吉特模式（MXL），其中 PLS-SEM 用於量化旅運選擇行為中心理潛在變項之間的因果關係，而 MXL 模型則作為運具選擇行為的分析工具，用以捕捉旅運者在選擇不同交通工具時的隨機效用異質性，透過對已購買及未購買 TPASS 之不同通勤族群進行比較分析。 研究結果顯示，TPASS 月票政策顯著提升了高頻率跨城際通勤者對公共運輸的依賴性，並降低其對票價變動的敏感度，使得服務水準滿意度在通勤選擇決策中的影響力更加顯著。針對已購買 TPASS 的通勤族群，研究發現其對服務便利性及可靠度尤為突出。因此，建議管理者應優先提升桃園機場捷運及國道客運於主要樞紐站點之轉乘便利性與班次可靠度，以提升整體旅運體驗，進一步穩固大眾運具此對高頻通勤族群之長期吸引力。 此外，對於未購買 TPASS 的通勤者群體，價格仍為其運具選擇行為中的主要考量因素，尤其在低收入族群中，對票價優惠的需求更為顯著。未來政策制定者應考量針對該類群體實施更具彈性的票價策略，透過調整票價結構與引入分層式服務層級，以滿足不同經濟條件乘客之多樣化需求。另一方面，研究結果亦指出，擁有私有交通工具的通勤者相對較少選擇公共運輸工具，表明交通政策在誘導私有運具使用者轉移至公共運輸系統時，應考慮採取提高私有運具使用成本之策略，藉此促進跨城際旅運者向公共運輸的轉移，減少私有運具對道路系統的負擔。 研究結果可作為未來交通管理者在優化公共運輸服務及制定跨城際交通政策時之實證參考，並有助於提升桃園市及其周邊地區公共運輸系統之整體使用率與可持續發展。;This study aims to analyze the impact of the TPASS commuter monthly pass policy on the mode choice behavior of intercity commuters in Taoyuan City, using an integrated PLS-SEM and MXL model. The integrated model combines Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and the Mixed Logit Model (MXL), where PLS-SEM is employed to quantify the causal relationships among latent variables in travel mode choice behavior, while the MXL model serves as an analytical tool to capture random utility heterogeneity in the mode choice behavior of travelers. A comparative analysis was conducted between commuters who have purchased TPASS and those who have not. The results indicate that the TPASS policy significantly increases the dependence of high-frequency intercity commuters on public transportation and reduces their sensitivity to fare changes, thereby making service quality a more significant factor in their mode choice decisions. For TPASS users, service convenience and reliability were found to be particularly prominent factors. Hence, it is recommended that transportation authorities prioritize enhancing the transfer convenience and service reliability of Taoyuan Airport MRT and highway buses at major hub stations to improve the overall travel experience and strengthen the long-term attractiveness of public transportation for high-frequency commuters. Additionally, for non-TPASS commuters, fare remains the primary consideration in their mode choice behavior, especially for low-income groups who show a more significant demand for fare discounts. Future policy makers should consider implementing more flexible fare strategies for this group, adjusting the fare structure, and introducing tiered service levels to meet the diverse needs of passengers with varying economic conditions. Furthermore, the findings reveal that commuters who own private vehicles are less likely to choose public transportation, indicating that transportation policies should consider strategies that increase the cost of private vehicle usage to encourage a modal shift to public transportation, thereby reducing the burden on the road system. The proposed integrated PLS-SEM and MXL model effectively combines the causal relationships among latent variables with the random utility heterogeneity characteristics, providing a more comprehensive analytical framework for understanding the influence of the TPASS policy on the mode choice behavior of intercity commuters in Taoyuan City. The findings offer empirical evidence for transportation managers to optimize public transportation services and formulate intercity transportation policies, contributing to the overall usage and sustainable development of the public transportation system in Taoyuan City and its surrounding areas.
