人工合成型丹蔘化合物對人類前列腺癌細胞凋 亡及自噬的影響;Effects of synthetic Danshen compounds on apoptosis and autophagy of prostate cancer cells

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Title:	人工合成型丹蔘化合物對人類前列腺癌細胞凋亡及自噬的影響;Effects of synthetic Danshen compounds on apoptosis and autophagy of prostate cancer cells
Authors:	李姿慧;Li, Tzu-Hui
Contributors:	生命科學系
Keywords:	前列腺癌;人工合成丹蔘化合物;細胞凋亡;細胞自噬;Prostate cancer;Synthetic Danshen compounds;Apoptosis;Autophagy
Date:	2025-01-06
Issue Date:	2025-04-09 16:09:43 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	前列腺癌 (Prostate cancer) 是全世界男性中癌症中第二常見的癌症，儘管天然和合成丹參化合物(著名的用於治療心血管疾病的中藥)可以調節前列腺癌細胞的生長和轉移，但其具體作用機制仍不明確。透過使用合成型丹蔘化合物，如 ST32c、ST32da 和 ST32db，以及前列腺癌細胞，如 LNCap、DU-145 和 PC-3 作為研究材料，了解三種合成丹蔘化合物是否透過凋亡和自噬路徑來影響雄性素依賴型和非依賴型前列腺癌細胞生長。研究結果顯示，在凋亡途徑中，由切割型態 capase-9 和 caspase-3 的增加顯示，三種化合物都劑量依賴性的提高 LNCaP、DU145 和 PC-3 細胞中的 caspase-9 和 caspase-3 活性，有趣的是，ST32c 和 ST32db 普遍增加 LNCaP 和 DU-145 細胞中的 Bcl-2，且三種化合物都增加 LNCaP 和 DU-145 細胞中切割型態 PARP 的蛋白表現量。使用 caspase-3 抑制劑(如Z-VAD-FMK)處理 DU-145 細胞，可拮抗 ST32c、ST32da 和 ST32db 對 DU-145 細胞存活率的影響。在自噬路徑中，ST32c 劑量依賴性的增加 PC-3 細胞中的 Beclin-1、Atg5 和Atg7 蛋白的表現；然而 ST32da 在 100 µM 時顯著降低 LNCaP 和 DU-145 細胞中的 Atg3和 Atg7，但不降低 PC-3 細胞的表現，以及降低 DU-145 細胞中的 Beclin-1 和 Atg5 蛋白；ST32db 減少 LNCaP 細胞的 Atg3 和 Atg7 蛋白、DU-145 細胞的 Atg3 蛋白、PC-3 細胞的 Atg3、Atg4B 和 Atg7 蛋白；三種化合物都增加三種前列腺癌細胞中的 p62 和 pp62蛋白以及 PC-3 細胞的 LC3β-II 蛋白。總而言之，三種合成型丹蔘化合物的作用會隨著化學結構和劑量的不同來抑制不同類型的前線癌細胞的生長，這可能是透過調節不同的凋亡蛋白和/或透過改變特定得自噬蛋白表現而得。;Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Although the growth and metastasis of PCa cells can be regulated by native and synthetic Danshen compounds (well-known traditional Chinese medicines for treating cardiovascular diseases), the exact mechanisms of their actions are still not clear. Through uses of synthetic Danshen compounds, such as St32c, St32da, and St32db, as well as PCa cell lines, such as LNCaP, DU-145 and PC-3, the present thesis was designed to investigate whether any of them affect the growth of androgen-dependent and androgen-independent PCa cells through modulations of apoptosis and autophagy pathways. In the apoptotic pathway, the three compounds all dose-dependently increased the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in LNCaP, DU-145, and PC-3 cells, as evidenced by increased cleaved forms of caspase-3 and caspase-9 proteins. Interestingly, St32c and St32db generally increased the activity of Bcl-2 in LNCaP and DU-145, and all three compounds enhanced the cleaved PARP protein levels in LNCaP and DU-145. Treatment of DU-145 cells with a caspase-3 inhibitor (e.g., Z-VAD-FMK) generally antagonized the effect of ST32c, ST32da and ST32db on cell viability. In the autophagy process, St32c tended to increase levels of Beclin-1, Atg5, and Atg7 proteins in all PCa cell types with dose dependency. Whereas, St32da at 100 µM significantly decreased Atg3 and Atg7 in LNCaP and DU-145 but not PC-3 cells, as well as decreasing Beclin-1 and Atg5 proteins in DU-145 cells. St32db tended to decrease Atg3 and Atg7 proteins in LNCaP, Atg3 protein in DU-145, and Atg3, Atg4B, and Atg7 in PC-3 cells. However, all compounds increased p62 and pp62 proteins in the three PCa cells and LC3β-II protein in PC-3 cells. In conclusions, the synthetic Danshen compounds vary with chemical structure and the dosage of treatment to inhibit the growth of different types of PCa cells possibly through modulations of varying apoptotic proteins and/or through alterations of particular autophagy protein levels
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