| 摘要: | 錫鈣鈦礦太陽能電池（Tin Perovskite Solar Cells, 簡稱TPSCs）近年來快速發展。TPSCs出色的光電特性使其具有大的發展潛力，然而TPSCs的吸光層一般是以DMF + DMSO作為溶劑來配製錫鈣鈦礦前驅溶液在旋轉塗佈製膜而成(所製之膜以下稱DMF-TPsk)，因此本研究目標即尋找較低毒性的溶劑來替代DMF。結果顯示，DMAc + DMSO或EtOH + DMSO作為錫鈣鈦礦前驅溶液之溶劑時可製備具連續性的DMAc-TPsk或EtOH-TPsk膜。當以DMF-TPsk、DMAc-TPsk及EtOH-TPsk作為吸光層所製備之反式TPSCs元件（元件架構ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TPsk/C₆₀/BCP/Ag)之最高光電轉換效率（PCE）分別為 8.56%、9.34%、及 3.53%，遲滯因子（HI)大小依序為 6.9%、9.6%、及 14.8%，在氮氣手套箱中室溫存放 2000 小時後，DMF-TPsk 與 DMAc-TPsk 元件仍能維持原效率的 73% 及 78%，而 EtOH-TPsk 元件在相同條件下僅剩 40%，顯示以DMAc-TPsk為吸收層的TPSC 具備最佳的長時間穩定性。XRD數據顯示三種 TPsk 薄膜的 (110) 晶面繞射峰強度依序為 DMAc-TPsk > DMF-TPsk > EtOH-TPsk，反映 DMAc-TPsk 具有最強的結晶度。電洞遷移率（hole mobility）大小順序為 DMAc-TPsk > DMF-TPsk > EtOH-TPsk，而載子生命期（carrier lifetime）長度與 PL 強度亦顯示相同趨勢（即DMAc-TPsk > DMF-TPsk > EtOH-TPsk），進一步證明 DMAc-TPsk 具備最好的薄膜品質。XPS分析顯示DMAc-TPsk之Sn²⁺/Sn⁴⁺比率最高，代表其Sn2+氧化程度最低，有助於提升材料的穩定性與載流子傳輸特性。以上結果證實毒性較DMF低的DMAc可以作為錫鈣鈦礦前驅溶液的溶劑來製備高光伏表現之TPsk膜，此結果為低毒性錫鈣鈦礦前驅溶液之溶劑提供另一種選擇。;Tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) have rapidly developed in recent years due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and great potential for various applications. However, the tin-perovskite light-absorbing layer in TPSCs is typically fabricated using DMF + DMSO as the solvent for the precursor solution and then spin-coated on the substrate to form DMF-TPsk films. This study was aimed to explore less toxic alternative solvents to replace DMF. The results indicate that when DMAc + DMSO or EtOH + DMSO is used as the solvent for the tin perovskite precursor solution, the resulting DMAc-TPsk and EtOH-TPsk films was good continuity. The highest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the inverted cells using DMF-TPsk, DMAc-TPsk, and EtOH-TPsk as the absorbing layers (device structure: ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TPsk/C₆₀/BCP/Ag) were 8.56%, 9.34%, and 3.53%, respectively. The hysteresis index (HI) followed the order of 9.6%, 6.9%, and 14.8%, and after 1,500 hours of storage in a nitrogen glove box at room temperature, the efficiencies of DMF-TPsk and DMAc-TPsk based devices remained at 76% and 78% of their initial values, respectively. Whereas, the EtOH-TPsk based device retained only 40%, demonstrating that DMAc-TPsk possesses the best long-term stability. XRD data showed that the (110) diffraction peak intensity of the three TPsk films followed the order of DMAc-TPsk > DMF-TPsk > EtOH-TPsk, reflecting the superior crystallinity of DMAc-TPsk. The hole mobility was ranked as DMAc-TPsk > DMF-TPsk > EtOH-TPsk. The carrier lifetime and PL intensity followed the same trend (DMAc-TPsk > DMF-TPsk > EtOH-TPsk), further confirming that DMAc-TPsk exhibits the best quality. XPS analysis revealed that DMAc-TPsk had the highest Sn²⁺/Sn⁴⁺ ratio, which contributes to enhanced material stability and charge transport characteristics. These result confirm that the low-toxicity solvents DMAc can be used as alternative solvents for tin perovskite precursor solutions to fabricate high-performance TPsk films foe high-efficiency solar cells, providing a promising option for the development of environmentally friendly TPSCs. |
