| 摘要: | 本論文雖自2018年內政部正式核定｢桃園航空城機場園區特定區區段徵收案｣開發範圍及抵價地比例(下稱航空城計畫）開始到2024年作為研究主體，但因旨在用廟宇的慶典來探討都市化進程因此將會著重在航空城計畫正式影響到的桃園市大園仁壽宮2024年中元普渡祭典為研究主題，聚焦於在都市化壓力與社會變遷下，廟宇如何調整其信仰活動以應對挑戰。該年度的祭典呈現重要變革：由原本各村里輪值祭典的傳統，改為由仁壽宮廟方統一主辦，並委由原輪值地區橫峰村的聚德宮中的桃園市橫峰橫山王土地公文化協會辦理，反映了地方信仰適應現代化變遷的策略。本研究旨在探討都市化進程中，地方信仰在維繫社區凝聚力與文化傳承方面所面臨的挑戰與調適。隨著桃園航空城計畫推進，大規模土地徵收與居民遷移重塑了地方聚落結構，對包括仁壽宮、橫峰聚德宮（當地俗稱橫山王土地公廟，但為求統一下文皆用正式廟名橫峰聚德宮為代稱）在內的傳統信仰圈造成深遠影響。雖仁壽宮廟地未受徵收波及，其信仰圈內多數地區卻被劃入徵收範圍，導致傳統信仰圈的縮減與重組。而兩間廟宇不論在地理位置、廟境、管理人員組成、遭遇都市計畫等部分兩間廟宇皆有其相似之處，但在應對此情況時，卻採取不同的方式進行處理，仁壽宮不僅透過調整祭典模式來延續信仰功能，還試圖鞏固其在社區中的核心地位；而橫峰聚德宮則因廟地受徵收波及，信仰圈人口大幅遭受徵收影響，但在此情形則透過與其他廟宇共同商議重建、承辦仁壽宮中元祭典，藉此進行轉型並擴大、加深信仰在當地的影響力。研究採取文獻分析與田野調查相結合的方法，梳理了仁壽宮與2024年祭典主辦者橫峰聚德宮的歷史沿革與現代角色。而兩間廟宇不論在地理位置、廟境、管理人員組成、遭遇都市計畫等部分兩間廟宇皆有其相似之處仁壽宮自清代以來作為大園居民祈福與祭祀的核心場域，其信仰圈隨歷史多次調整，而橫峰聚德宮則是航空城計畫背景下，橫峰地區橫山王、土地公信仰整合的產物。該廟透過承辦本次祭典進一步確立了其作為大橫峰地區宗教領袖的地位。進一步分析航空城計畫推動前後祭典活動的變遷，並記錄社區參與的差異。訪談對象包括承辦桃園市大園仁壽宮2024年中元普渡祭典的主辦人員、地方里長，探討他們對信仰活動的情感聯繫及調適困難。結果顯示，聚落分散與世代疏離使祭典參與度下降，但地方信仰仍是社區情感的紐帶。仁壽宮透過統一祭典管理，加強了信仰的凝聚力；橫峰聚德宮則通過文化協會的成立與跨廟合作，積極重建信仰空間，維繫搬遷後的信眾聯繫。地方信仰在面臨都市化壓力時展現了強大的適應能力。仁壽宮與橫峰聚德宮通過創新調適策略，不僅維繫了傳統信仰，還為快速變遷的都市背景下地方文化的延續提供了重要參考。本論文希望以此案例，探索地方信仰如何在現代化進程中實現適應與延續，並分析其對社區凝聚力的長期影響。;Although this study begins with the 2018 official approval by Taiwan’s Ministry of the Interior of the “Taoyuan Aerotropolis Airport Area Special District Land Expropriation Plan” (hereafter referred to as the Aerotropolis Project), its core focus lies in the 2024 Zhongyuan Pudu Festival held by Renshou Temple in Dayuan District, Taoyuan City. This research uses temple rituals to explore how local religious practices respond to urbanization, specifically examining how religious institutions adapt their ceremonies and organizational strategies in the face of social transformation and spatial restructuring. In 2024, a significant shift occurred in the festival′s organization: what was once a rotating responsibility shared by various village communities was centralized and hosted by Renshou Temple, which delegated the actual planning and execution to the Hengshan Wang Earth God Cultural Association based at the Jude Temple in Hengfeng Village. This shift reveals a strategic adaptation of local religious practices in response to modern challenges.
The study investigates how local religion copes with the dual challenges of preserving community cohesion and transmitting cultural heritage under the pressures of urbanization. The Aerotropolis Project has brought extensive land expropriation and resident relocation, reshaping local settlement structures and profoundly affecting traditional religious networks, including those of Renshou Temple and Hengfeng Jude Temple (also known locally as the Hengshan Wang Temple, though this paper adopts the formal name “Jude Temple” for consistency). Although Renshou Temple itself was not within the expropriated zone, many areas within its ritual territory were affected, resulting in the contraction and reorganization of its faith network.
Despite sharing similarities in geographic location, administrative structure, and responses to urban planning, Renshou Temple and Jude Temple adopted distinct adaptive strategies. Renshou Temple consolidated its ritual functions and reinforced its central position in the community through unified festival organization. In contrast, Jude Temple—its site directly impacted by land expropriation—redefined its role by collaborating with other temples, rebuilding its spiritual authority, and expanding its religious influence through the hosting of Renshou Temple’s 2024 festival.
Combining textual analysis with fieldwork, this study traces the historical evolution and contemporary roles of both temples. Renshou Temple has served as a central site for blessing and ritual in Dayuan since the Qing dynasty, adapting its ritual domain across history. Jude Temple, by contrast, emerged as a product of religious integration during the Aerotropolis development, consolidating beliefs in Hengshan Wang and the Earth God. Its role in the 2024 festival established it as a new spiritual leader in the Greater Hengfeng region.
The research further analyzes how festival activities have changed before and after the Aerotropolis Project and documents shifts in community participation. Interview subjects include festival organizers and village heads, whose insights reveal emotional ties to religious events and the challenges of maintaining engagement amid generational gaps and settlement dispersal. The findings show that while participation has declined due to these pressures, local religion remains a key emotional anchor. Renshou Temple’s centralized management reinforced collective identity, while Jude Temple used institutional innovation and cross-temple cooperation to sustain relocated followers.
Ultimately, this study highlights the resilience and adaptive capacity of local religion under urbanization. Through innovative strategies, both temples have preserved traditional faith while offering a model for sustaining local culture amid rapid change. This case study provides insight into how grassroots religious institutions can navigate modernity while reinforcing community cohesion. |
