| 摘要: | 在全球暖化日益加劇之情形下，為因應氣候變遷對環境所造成之衝擊，各國政府紛紛尋求符合永續發展目標之因應策略。其中，運輸部門所產生之碳排放長期以來為各國政府所關注之重要議題，而運具電動化便成為一項具潛力之減碳途徑。在此趨勢下，電動公車逐漸成為公共運輸系統發展之重要方向。
台灣政府於2017年底通過「空氣污染防制行動方案」，並訂定2030年公車全面電動化之政策目標，積極推動柴油公車汰換為電動公車，並陸續制定相關補助措施，以提升客運業者採購電動公車之意願。隨著政策推動，各家客運業者逐步導入電動公車進行營運，使近年來電動公車上路數量呈現逐年成長之趨勢，惟實際推動成效仍與政策目標存在一定差距。儘管政府提供購車及營運補助，電動公車之高昂採購成本，以及調度場站在空間與充電設施配置上的限制，仍對客運業者造成相當程度之經營壓力，使其在導入電動公車時，必須審慎評估車隊規模與充電設施配置之合理性。
本研究旨在建立一套電動公車充電與派車之事件導向模擬系統，模擬電動公車於實際營運過程中所經歷之派遣、行駛、回站、充電與等候充電等動態行為，並於不同車隊規模與充電樁配置情境下，分析系統整體運作表現。研究中以車隊規模與充電樁數量作為主要決策變數，透過重複模擬實驗，評估各種配置組合對車輛可用率、充電等候情形及營運需求滿足程度之影響。
本研究所建構之模擬系統與分析結果，可作為客運業者於導入電動公車時，進行車隊規模與充電設施規劃之量化決策工具，並提供政府相關單位在推動電動公車政策與配套措施制定上的參考依據。
;As global warming continues to intensify, governments around the world have been seeking strategies that align with sustainable development goals to mitigate the impacts of climate change. Among various sectors, carbon emissions from the transportation sector have long been a major concern, and the electrification of transportation has emerged as a promising approach for emission reduction. Under this trend, electric buses have gradually become an important direction in the development of public transportation systems.
In Taiwan, the government approved the Air Pollution Control Action Plan at the end of 2017 and set a policy target of fully electrifying public buses by 2030. To achieve this goal, diesel buses are being progressively replaced by electric buses, accompanied by a series of subsidy programs aimed at encouraging bus operators to adopt electric buses. Although the number of electric buses in operation has increased steadily in recent years, the actual progress remains below the original policy targets. Despite financial support for vehicle procurement and operation, the high purchase cost of electric buses, together with spatial and infrastructural constraints at depots, continues to impose significant operational pressure on bus operators. Consequently, careful evaluation of fleet size and charging facility configuration has become essential when introducing electric buses.
This study aims to develop an event-driven simulation system for electric bus charging, which models the dynamic operational processes of electric buses, including dispatching, driving, returning to depots, charging, and waiting for charging. By considering different scenarios of fleet size and charging pile configuration, the system performance under various operational conditions is analyzed. Fleet size and the number of charging piles are treated as key decision variables, and repeated simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the impacts of different configuration combinations on vehicle availability, charging waiting conditions, and the ability to meet operational service requirements.
The simulation system and analytical results developed in this study can serve as a quantitative decision-support tool for bus operators in planning fleet size and charging facility deployment when introducing electric buses, and can also provide valuable references for government agencies in formulating policies and supporting measures for electric bus implementation. |
