| 摘要: | 隨著 BIM 技術逐步導入營建產業機電施工階段，但實務落實仍具挑戰。機電 BIM 工程師扮演關鍵角色，然而產業普遍存在 BIM 工程師之職能未系統區分、與現場工程師職責不清，以及教育訓練與需求落差等問題。因此，本研究目的在釐清不同職涯階段各階段核心職能需求，同時釐清 BIM 與現場人員角色分工，並提出符合實務需求的 BIM 培訓調整方向，以期可供產業參考。
本研究以施工階段機電 BIM 工程師為對象，參考文獻將 BIM 職能分為初、中、高階三個發展階段，並建構三大職能構面與十三項職能準則，依職涯階段界定不同能力層級與職責範圍，據此設計 AHP 職能重要性問卷。問卷填答者須具備施工階段機電 BIM 專案經驗、工程實務背景及 BIM 技術理解能力，並經多層次資格篩選，以確保樣本之專業性與判斷基礎；填答者背景顯示，多數具備充足之施工階段機電 BIM 實務經驗，使分析結果具有良好之一致性與可信度。
研究結果顯示，不同職涯階段之機電 BIM 工程師在職能重要性排序上呈現明顯差異。初階以軟體工具操作及識圖能力為主，中階則以施工理解與系統整合等技術與專業能力為核心，而高階則更重視跨部門溝通協調、系統整合與流程管理等綜合性職能。BIM 工程師職能呈現從技術能力到專業知識，再到管理與協調之演進，反映職涯階段核心職能之差異。
基於分析結果，本研究可協助企業以分階段職能發展為基礎，系統化規劃 BIM 人才培育、教育訓練內容及施工階段角色分工，並回應 BIM 應用於施工階段日益深化之實務需求。本研究亦為 BIM 工程師職能分析提供可實務應用之基礎，對教育訓練及企業人才策略具有參考價值。
;Although Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been gradually adopted in the construction industry, its practical implementation in the mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) construction phase remains challenging. MEP BIM engineers play a critical role in this process; however, the industry faces persistent issues such as the lack of systematic differentiation of BIM competencies, ambiguous role boundaries between BIM and on-site engineers, and a gap between education and industry needs. Accordingly, this study aims to clarify the core competency requirements at various career stages, delineate the division of roles between BIM personnel and on-site staff, and propose adjustments for BIM training programs to better align with practical demands.
Focusing on MEP BIM engineers in the construction phase, this study categorizes BIM competencies into three stages—entry, mid, and senior levels—based on a literature review. A framework comprising three major competency dimensions and thirteen criteria was developed to define the responsibilities at each stage, forming the basis for an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) questionnaire. Respondents were required to possess MEP BIM project experience, engineering backgrounds, and BIM technical proficiency. Rigorous qualification screening ensured the expertise of the sample. The results indicate that most participants possessed substantial practical experience, providing high consistency and reliability for the analysis.
The findings reveal significant differences in competency prioritization across career stages. Entry-level engineers focus on software operation and drawing interpretation; mid-level engineers prioritize technical and professional competencies such as construction knowledge and system integration; while senior-level engineers emphasize comprehensive managerial competencies, including cross-departmental coordination and process management. The evolution of these competencies—from technical skills to professional knowledge and ultimately to management—reflects the distinct requirements of each career stage.
This study assists organizations in systematically planning BIM talent development, training content, and role allocation. It responds to the deepening application of BIM in construction and provides a practical foundation for competency analysis, offering valuable insights for corporate talent strategies and educational planning. |
