| 摘要: | 本研究針對距離地球約10秒差距的紅矮星 GJ 3147，進行多地點、多波段與多手段的聯合觀測，從 2021年11月11日至17日，共五座天文台的光度觀測（威海、興隆、麗江、南山、Maidanak）以及兩座天文台的光度偏振觀測（鹿林與ARIES）。在約100小時的總觀測時間內，成功捕捉到三次主要閃焰與多次次級閃焰。其中11月16日偵測到的大型閃焰，由三台望遠鏡在 R 波段，以不同取樣函數觀測成功，我們得以有效還原出閃焰的本質輪廓，推導其峰值亮度、能量注入時間尺度，以及冷卻衰減時間尺度。
藉由模擬閃焰光變模型，並與各台天文台的實測光變曲線進行比對，以簡化卡方值（reduced chi-square）評估擬合品質，最終找出最佳解，所對應之參數為閃焰峰值亮度超過恆星亮度 0.29--0.30 星等、峰時發生在當天 UT 22794.6--22794.7 秒 (約為 UT 06:19:54)，閃焰衰減時間常數為 4.9--5.0*10^{-4}，持續約 2 分 46 秒。
同樣的2021年11月16日事件也被鹿林望遠鏡在 g′、r′、i′ 波段以相同取樣函數觀測到，依此而估計閃焰溫度約為 6800+- 300K。
此外，偏振觀測顯示 GJ~3147 在非閃焰狀態具備顯著的線性偏振，分別是 g′波段為 5.8%、r′ 波段為 2%，而i′ 波段為 0.5%，指出該恆星大氣中存在不均勻的散射結構，可能與塵埃凝結或快速自轉造成的恆星形狀變形有關。;We present a multi-site, multi-wavelength, and multi-messenger observing campaign of the nearby (10 pc) flaring red dwarf GJ 3147, conducted from November 11 to 17 in 2021. We obtained approximately 100 hours of data from five observatories (Weihai, Xinglong, Lijiang, Nanshan, Maidanak) undertaking imaging photometry, and two observatories (Lulin and ARIES) doing photopolarimetry. Three major flares and several minor events were detected. We report here a prominent flare detected on November 16, which was: (1) observed in $R$ band by three telescopes, each acquiring the light curve with a distinct sampling function, hence enabling reconstruction of the intrinsic flare profile, including parameters such as the peak time, amplitude, and energizing/cooling timescales of the flare, and (2) detected in g′, r′, and i′ bands simultaneously, allowing us to estimate a flare temperature of 6800+-300 K.
}By simulating flare models and comparing them with the observed light curves, we identified best-fit solutions, in an averaged reduced chi-square sense, with peak times near UT of 22794.6s (18:19:54, UTC), peak amplitudes of 0.29--0.30 mag, and a decay constant of 5.0 *10^{-4}, which leads to flare duration of 2 minutes and 46 s. Additionally, linear polarization was detected during the quiescent state of 5.8\% in g′, 2.0% in r′, and 0.5% in i′, suggesting scattering by an inhomogeneous atmosphere, likely due to dust condensation or rapid rotation. |
