本學位論文旨在探討在「元休閒」（Meta-leisure）的廣泛脈絡下，流程虛擬化 (Process Virtualization）的條件如何形塑使用者參與元宇宙演唱會的態度。本研究根據流程虛擬化理論（Process Virtualization Theory）與媒介自然度理論（Media Naturalness Theory），提出並實證了一個四階段框架，用以解釋實體演唱會的流程需求在轉移至沉浸式元宇宙環境時如何被評估。本研究先後於美國進行了兩次大規模問卷調查，並於印尼進行了一項驗證性研究。研究結果檢視了感官需求（Sensory requirements）與同步性需求（Synchronism requirements）如何影響後續的人際關係需求（Relationship requirements）以及辨識與控制需求（Identification and control requirements）；這些因素進而增加感知演唱會表現風險（Perceived performance risk），並形塑對元宇宙演唱會的態度。兩項研究結果皆支持了所有研究假設。結果顯示，感知表現風險是將未滿足的虛擬化需求轉化為負面態度的核心心理機制。序列中介分析（Serial mediation analyses）證實，人際關係需求與辨識及控制需求，共同將感官與同步性需求的影響透過表現風險傳遞至參與態度。此外，研究發現對元宇宙技術的信任能減輕感知表現風險對態度的負面影響，確立了重要的調節邊界條件。總體而言，本研究證實了所提框架的穩健性與普適性，並透過整合流程虛擬化理論與媒介自然度理論，為元宇宙演唱會的採納提供了統一且基於流程的解釋，進而提升了對元休閒參與的理論認知。;This dissertation investigates how process virtualization conditions shape user attitudes toward metaverse concert participation within the broader context of meta-leisure. Drawing on Process Virtualization Theory and Media Naturalness Theory, the study proposed and empirically tested a four-stage framework explaining how physical concert process requirements are evaluated when transferred to immersive metaverse environments. Using two sequential surveys in the US and a validation study in Indonesia, the research examines how sensory and synchronism requirements influence downstream relationship requirements and identification and control requirements, which in turn heighten perceived concert performance risk and shape attitudes toward metaverse concerts. Across both studies, this research demonstrates that perceived performance risk serves as the central psychological mechanism translating unmet virtualization requirements into negative attitudes. Serial mediation analyses confirm that relationship requirements and identification and control requirements jointly transmit the effects of sensory and synchronism requirements to attitude via performance risk. Moreover, trust in metaverse technology is found to attenuate the negative impact of perceived performance risk on attitude, establishing an important boundary condition. Overall, the findings validate the robustness and generalizability of the proposed framework and advance theoretical understanding of meta-leisure participation by integrating Process Virtualization Theory and Media Naturalness Theory into a unified, process-based explanation of metaverse concert adoption.
