| 摘要: | 隨著無人飛行載具於軍事與民用領域之應用日益普及，其通訊系統需在不同任務需求與飛行模式下，提供具備穩定性、高效率與高可靠度之資料傳輸能力。然而，由於不同型態無人飛行載具在飛行速度、姿態變化與任務環境上存在差異，使其通訊鏈路同時受到自由空間路徑損耗、多路徑衰落、都卜勒效應、地球曲率以及降雨衰減等因素影響，增加系統設計與效能評估之複雜度。本研究以多型態無人飛行載具通訊應用為出發點，目的在於系統性分析各項通道條件與通訊架構對鏈路效能之影響，並驗證相關模型於實際應用中的適用性。研究方法首先建立涵蓋大尺度與小尺度衰落之無線通道模型，並模擬不同飛行距離、頻率、角度與降雨條件下之通訊表現；其次，針對點對點、點對多點及多點對多點等通訊拓樸，結合最大比合併與空時區塊碼等多天線技術，分析其在不同架構下之效能差異與抗衰落能力；最後，於沿海開放場域進行無人飛行載具實飛通訊量測，蒐集接收訊號強度與訊雜比等數據，並透過MATLAB進行後處理與比對分析。研究結果顯示，實測通道特性與所建構之通道模型具有良好一致性，且UHF頻段具有良好的鏈路穩定度與通訊品質，驗證本研究分析架構可作為未來無人飛行載具通訊系統設計與部署之工程參考依據。;With the increasing adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in military and civilian applications, their communication systems are required to provide stable, efficient, and highly reliable data transmission under different mission requirements and flight modes. However, variations in flight speed, attitude dynamics, and operational environments among different UAV types result in communication links being simultaneously affected by free-space path loss, multipath fading, Doppler effects, Earth curvature, and rain attenuation, thereby increasing the complexity of system design and performance evaluation. Motivated by practical multi-type UAV communication applications, this study aims to systematically analyze the impact of wireless channel conditions and communication architectures on link performance, and to verify the applicability of related models in real-world scenarios. The research methodology first establishes wireless channel models incorporating both large-scale and small-scale fading effects, and simulates communication performance under various flight distances, operating frequencies, relative angles, and rainfall conditions. Subsequently, point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, and multipoint-to-multipoint communication topologies are investigated in conjunction with multiple-antenna techniques, including maximum ratio combining (MRC) and space-time block coding (STBC), to analyze performance differences and fading mitigation capability under different system architectures. Finally, outdoor UAV flight communication measurements are conducted in a coastal open-area environment, where received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data are collected and further processed and compared using MATLAB. The results show that the measured channel characteristics exhibit good agreement with the established channel models, and that the UHF band demonstrates favorable link stability and communication quality, confirming that the proposed analysis framework can serve as a practical engineering reference for future UAV communication system design and deployment. |
