隨著資料中心流量的爆炸性增長，112 Gbps PAM-4 高速串列通訊系統對等化器的性能要求日益嚴苛。傳統 LMS 演算法雖然運算簡單，但在決策導向模式下面臨權重漂移與過度擬合的問題；而全域式 Leaky-LMS 演算法雖能改善權重穩定性，卻因對主游標施加洩漏約束而導致嚴重的性能衰退。 本研究提出一種創新的分段式 Leaky-LMS 適應性等化演算法，其核心設計理念為「保護主游標、分段施加洩漏」。演算法依據抽頭與主游標的距離將洩漏因子劃分為三個區域：中心區對主游標不施加洩漏（λ_center = 0），近端區施加中等洩漏（λ_near），遠端區施加較強洩漏（λ_far）。此策略旨在保護主游標權重不受約束，同時選擇性地壓縮不必要的遠端抽頭，兼顧等化性能與權重稀疏化。 透過完整的 112 Gbps PAM-4 SerDes 系統模擬平台進行驗證，本研究得出以下關鍵成果：（1）分段式 Leaky-LMS 成功將 FFE 權重稀疏性從 52.38% 提升至 71.43%，提升幅度達 19.05%；（2）MSE 性能衰退僅 0.22 dB，相較於全域式 Leaky-LMS 的 2.43 dB 衰退，性能改善達 2.21 dB；（3）計算複雜度降低 66% 至 91%，有效減少硬體實現成本；（4）演算法在全 SNR 範圍（20-40 dB）均展現穩定的性能表現。 本研究成果為 112 Gbps PAM-4 及更高速率的下一代高速串列通訊系統提供了一種兼具理論創新與實用價值的適應性等化解決方案。 ;With the explosive growth of data center traffic, 112 Gbps PAM-4 high-speed serial communication systems impose increasingly stringent requirements on equalizer performance. While the conventional LMS algorithm offers computational simplicity, it suffers from weight drift and overfitting issues in decision-directed mode. The global Leaky-LMS algorithm, though improving weight stability, causes severe performance degradation due to leakage constraints applied to the main cursor tap. This research proposes an innovative segmented Leaky-LMS adaptive equalization algorithm, with the core design philosophy of "protecting the main cursor while applying segmented leakage." The algorithm partitions leakage factors into three regions based on tap distance from the main cursor: the center region applies zero leakage to the main cursor (λ_center = 0), the near-end region applies moderate leakage (λ_near), and the far-end region applies stronger leakage (λ_far). This strategy protects the main cursor weight from constraints while selectively suppressing unnecessary far-end taps, achieving both equalization performance and weight sparsity. Through comprehensive validation on a complete 112 Gbps PAM-4 SerDes system simulation platform, this research achieves the following key results: (1) The segmented Leaky-LMS successfully increases FFE weight sparsity from 52.38% to 71.43%, representing a 19.05% improvement; (2) MSE performance degradation is only 0.22 dB, compared to 2.43 dB degradation with global Leaky-LMS, yielding a 2.21 dB performance improvement; (3) Computational complexity is reduced by 66% to 91%, effectively lowering hardware implementation costs; (4) The algorithm demonstrates stable performance across the full SNR range (20-40 dB). This research provides a theoretically innovative and practically valuable adaptive equalization solution for 112 Gbps PAM-4 and next-generation higher-speed serial communication systems.
