| 摘要: | 現今微型塑膠污染已是全球密切關注的議題之一，根據目前的研究得知各個環境或是生態幾乎都有微型塑膠的存在，生物體能透過直接攝食、吸入或皮膚接觸，以及經由食物鏈傳遞而暴露於微型塑膠，甚至人體中也有檢測出微型塑膠，因此塑膠顆粒進入到自然環境中，不僅會對生態環境造成危害，也會對人體健康產生影響。
臺灣目前對微型塑膠的研究逐漸增多，但針對人工濕地的相關研究仍然稀少。人工濕地為一種利用自然功能進行污水處理的系統，對於去除水中微型塑膠的潛力尚未被充分探討。本研究為國內第一個針對地表流人工濕地進行微型塑膠的研究調查，自2024年8月至2025年6月於大溪大嵙崁人工濕地進行微型塑膠之採樣調查。樣品分為水樣及底泥，先經過碘化鈉密度分離後，以芬頓法去除有機物來完成前處理之步驟，尼羅紅染色法輔助螢光顯微鏡來識別微型塑膠，最後以µ-Raman光譜儀進行塑膠聚合物種類的鑑定。研究方向主要為針對大溪區及八德區的生活污水，調查其微型塑膠的豐度、形狀及聚合物類型，並且分析大嵙崁人工濕地中各池之間的豐度、聚合物、組成比例，以及觀察濕地對於微型塑膠之去除效率，再利用濕地之微型塑膠豐度和環境因子做相關性分析。
本研究檢測出大嵙崁人工濕地有微型塑膠之存在，水樣中微型塑膠平均豐度為5.5 ± 0.9 items/L，底泥中微型塑膠之平均豐度0.9 ± 0.3 items/g dry weight。兩種樣品之整體形狀皆以碎片為主，水樣尺寸分佈皆以74 ~ 100 μm為主，底泥尺寸分佈則大部分皆為300 μm以下。環境樣品中檢測出聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚醯亞胺(PI)六種聚合物類型。而濕地系統對於微型塑膠之去除效率大約為52~53%。相關性分析顯示，水體中微型塑膠豐度與當日及前24小時降雨量呈顯著正相關，底泥中微型塑膠豐度與降雨量皆呈無顯著相關。
;Microplastic (MP) pollution has become one of the most pressing global environmental concerns. Current research has revealed the widespread presence of microplastics across various environmental compartments and ecosystems. Organisms can be exposed to MPs through direct ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact, or trophic transfer, and MPs have even been detected in human tissues. Consequently, the release of plastic particles into the natural environment poses potential threats to both ecosystems and human health.
In Taiwan, studies on microplastics have gradually increased in recent years; however, research focusing on constructed wetlands remains limited. Constructed wetlands are nature-based systems designed for wastewater treatment, yet their potential to remove MPs has not been fully explored. This study represents the first investigation of MPs in a free water surface constructed wetland (FWS-CW) in Taiwan. From August 2024 to June 2025, samples were collected from the Daxi Dakekan Constructed Wetland. Both water and sediment samples were analyzed. Samples underwent density separation using sodium iodide (NaI), followed by Fenton’s reagent digestion to remove organic matter. MPs were identified using Nile Red staining under a fluorescence microscope, and polymer types were determined using µ-Raman spectroscopy.
The research focused on MPs originating from domestic wastewater in Daxi and Bade Districts, examining their abundance, shapes, and polymer types, as well as spatial variations and removal efficiencies across different wetland units. Correlations between MP abundance and environmental parameters were also analyzed.
Results confirmed the presence of MPs in the Dakekan Constructed Wetland, with an average abundance of 5.5 ± 0.9 items/L in water samples and 0.9 ± 0.3 items/g dry weight in sediment samples. Fragments were the dominant shape. Water samples were mainly composed of particles sized 74~100 μm, while most sediment particles were <300 μm. Six polymer types were identified: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyimide (PI). The overall MP removal efficiency of the wetland was approximately 52–53%. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between MP abundance in water and rainfall on the sampling day and within the previous 24 hours, whereas no significant correlation was observed for sediment samples. |
