| 摘要: | 在現代污水處理系統中，污泥處理單元不僅是核心程序之一，更是整體處理流程中能耗與碳排放最集中的環節。傳統處理方式如焚化與掩埋，雖可作為最終處置手段，但長期面臨高成本、土地資源短缺與高溫室氣體排放等問題，已不符永續發展方向。隨著全球推動「淨零碳排」政策及強調能源效率，如何導入兼具污泥減量、節能與減碳效益之新興技術，已成為環境工程領域迫切關注的研究重點。
本研究以北部某石化業大型污水處理廠為案例，導入超音波水解模組進行有機污泥前處理，並透過為期一個月之現場連續觀測，實證分析其對污泥處理效率與碳排放之影響。研究採用溶解性化學需氧量（SCOD）、混合液揮發性懸浮固體（MLVSS）、電力與蒸氣使用量、碳排放當量（CO₂e）等多項指標，進行模組前後差異比較，並依據環境部公告之《溫室氣體排放係數管理表》（6.0.4版）進行碳排放換算。
研究結果顯示，污泥經超音波處理後， SCOD 平均提升 20.4% (±10.2% )，顯示其具顯著有機物溶出效果；碳排放強度由傳統污泥乾燥流程之 4.9901 kgCO₂e/m3 (±1.4666 kgCO₂e/m3)降至 0.9234 kgCO₂e/m3 (±0.0518 kgCO₂e/m3)，單位減碳效益達 4.0667 kgCO₂e/m3，整體減幅達 81.50%。此外，模組運轉穩定、設備結構簡潔，操作維護成本低，可有效提升脫水效率，並進一步降低蒸氣耗量與泥餅體積，兼具節能與後段處理優化之效益。
綜合而言，超音波水解技術在中大型工業廢水處理場域具高度應用潛力，不僅可作為污泥減量與資源化策略之一，更可作為邁向低碳排與循環經濟之實證技術依據，具有推廣價值與工程參考意義。
;Modern wastewater treatment systems, the sludge treatment unit is not only a core process but also the most energy-intensive and carbon-emitting stage of the entire operation. Conventional methods such as incineration and landfilling, while technically mature, face increasing challenges including high operating costs, land scarcity, and substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, making them unsustainable in the context of global net-zero carbon policies. To address these issues, the integration of energy-efficient and low-carbon sludge reduction technologies has become a key focus in environmental engineering.
This study investigates the performance and carbon-reduction potential of an ultrasonic sludge hydrolysis (USH) module installed at a large-scale petrochemical wastewater treatment plant in northern Taiwan. A full-scale one-month field observation was conducted to evaluate the effects of USH on sludge solubilization and process energy consumption. Key indicators—including soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), electricity and steam usage, and carbon dioxide equivalent emissions (CO₂e)—were monitored and analyzed in accordance with the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration’s GHG Emission Factor Management Table (Version 6.0.4).
Results show that the average SCOD concentration increased by 20.4% ( ±10.2% ) after ultrasonic treatment, demonstrating significant enhancement of organic matter solubilization. The carbon intensity of sludge treatment was reduced from 4.9901 kgCO₂e/m3 ( ±1.4666 kgCO₂e/m3) under the conventional drying process to 0.9234 kgCO₂e/m3 ( ±0.0518 kgCO₂e/m3) with USH pretreatment, achieving a net reduction of 4.0667 kgCO₂e/m3 (equivalent to an 81.50 % decrease). The system exhibited stable operation, simple configuration, and low maintenance requirements, effectively improving sludge dewaterability, reducing steam demand, and minimizing dried sludge volume. These findings confirm that ultrasonic hydrolysis can simultaneously enhance sludge reduction efficiency and energy conservation while providing tangible GHG mitigation benefits.
Overall, the ultrasonic sludge hydrolysis technique shows high applicability for medium- to large-scale industrial wastewater treatment plants. It offers a viable strategy for sludge minimization and resource recovery, serving as a practical reference for advancing low-carbon and circular-economy wastewater management in industrial sectors. |
