不銹鋼鹽浴處理的表面皮膜性質分析

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陳啟帆(Chi-Fan Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

不銹鋼鹽浴處理的表面皮膜性質分析
(Analysis of stainless steel surface characterization treated in salt bath treatment)

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摘要(中)

不銹鋼被廣泛地運用在工業上，其具有獨特的強度和耐腐蝕性質。藉
由鹽浴處理使氮和氧原子擴散到不銹鋼基底，形成氧化鐵、氧化鉻和氮化
物提高表面硬度以利耐磨性。
本研究中，準備304，430 和17-4 PH 三種型號不銹鋼，予以0.5〜2
小時，溫度450〜650oC 鹽浴處理(硝酸鈉(50 wt%)與硝酸鉀(50 wt%)混合結
晶鹽)。待實驗完成後，我們使用OM，SEM 和XRD 來觀察並研究熱合氧
化膜。不銹鋼的氧化膜厚度隨鹽浴溫度和時間增加而增厚。碳化鉻的形成
會影響氧化膜的生長速率。在鹽浴處理過程中，碳與鉻相互反應形成碳化
鉻堆積於晶界上並阻礙鐵原子擴散到表面。當持溫時間達1.5 小時，氮化
鉻形成導致氧化膜表面粗糙度增加而光澤度降低。
利用CIE L * a * b *色度儀分析熱合氧化膜的色彩度。當氧化膜中的
氧化鉻增多時，表面量測的a *值，由+a*往-a*減少。在高溫鹽浴處理時，
形成的氧化鐵(Fe2O3 )產物容易分佈於氧化膜表面，導致氧化膜的顏色由灰
色轉變成紫色。氧化膜的顏色會受到熱成形層中存在的鐵、鉻和氧的影響。

摘要(英)

Stainless steel is widely used in industry due to its unique properties in
strength and cor rosion resistance. Stainless steel treated by salt bath could
introduce nitrogen and oxygen atoms to diffuse into matrix forming i ron
oxide and chromium oxide and nitride as well to enhance the surface
hardness for wear resistance.
In the present study, three types of stainless steel, 304, 430 and 17-4 PH
stainless steel were prepared and treated in NaNO3 (50 wt%) and KNO3 (50
wt%) salt bath for 0.5~2 hours at 450~650oC. After experiment, we observed
and examined the thermally formed oxide layer by OM, SEM and XRD. The
thickness of thermal ly- formed layer on s tainless steel was increased with
increasing salt bath temperature and time. The growth rate of oxide films was
affected by the formation of chromium carbide. Carbide interacted with
chromium that formed on grain boundary to hinder the iron atoms diffusion to
surface during salt bath treatment. When the immersion time reached 1.5
hours, the chromium nitride formed leading to increasing oxide film
roughness but reducing glossiness.
The CIE L*a*b* colorimeter were used to analyzed the surface color
saturate. The measured a* value was decreased from positive toward negative
as increasing chromium oxide in oxide films. The Fe2O3 that was the product
from high salt bath temperature likely di stributed over oxide film surface led
the surface color of films to transform from gray to purple. The variation of
surface color was affected by existing of iron, chromium and oxygen complex
oxide in the thermally- formed layer.

關鍵字(中)

★ 氧化膜
★ CIE L*a*b*色度儀
★ 鹽浴處理
★ 不銹鋼

關鍵字(英)

★ stainless steel
★ salt bath t reatment
★ CIE L*a*b* colorimeter
★ oxide film

論文目次

目錄
中文摘要............................................................................................... i
英文摘要.............................................................................................. ii
圖目錄.................................................................................................. v
表目錄……………………………………………………………………………….ix
符號說明............................................................................................... x
第一章前言.......................................................................................... 1
第二章不銹鋼基礎調查........................................................................ 2
2-1 不銹鋼介紹與種類.................................................................... 2
2-1-1 沃斯田鐵系不銹鋼.......................................................... 3
2-1-2 麻田散鐵系不銹鋼.......................................................... 3
2-1-3 肥粒鐵系不銹鋼.............................................................. 3
2-1-4 析出硬化系不銹鋼.......................................................... 3
2-1-5 雙相系不銹鋼................................................................. 3
2-2 鐵；鉻；鎳原子之晶體結構...................................................... 4
2-3 材料熱處理與連續冷卻變態介紹............................................... 4
第三章文獻回顧................................................................................... 6
3-1 鹽浴處理之研究........................................................................ 6
3-1-1 鹽浴處理之特點.............................................................. 6
3-2 鹽浴加熱過程之反應式............................................................. 9
3-3 滲氮處理對不銹鋼基材相變化影響.......................................... 10
3-4 不銹鋼表面處理之熱化合機制................................................. 16
3-5 表面處理之附著性測試........................................................... 18
3-6 表面處理之磨耗性測試........................................................... 20
3-7 不銹鋼表面染色處理............................................................... 21
第四章實驗方法與步驟...................................................................... 24
iv
4-1 實驗目的................................................................................ 24
4-2 實驗材料與試片準備............................................................... 24
4-3 實驗設備................................................................................ 25
4-4 實驗流程................................................................................ 27
4-5 實驗步驟................................................................................ 28
第五章結果與討論............................................................................. 30
5-1 不銹鋼金相觀察...................................................................... 30
5-2 製程參數對不銹鋼皮膜影響.................................................... 32
5-2-1 鹽浴溫度與時間對不銹鋼膜厚影響................................ 32
5-2-2 鹽浴溫度與時間對不銹鋼表面型態影響......................... 39
5-2-3 鹽浴對不銹鋼表面粗糙度影響....................................... 43
5-3 鹽浴處理之氧化動態行為........................................................ 47
5-3-1 不銹鋼之電子探針微分析.............................................. 51
5-4 鹽浴處理之表面附著性測試.................................................... 54
5-4-1 皮膜附著性測試結果..................................................... 54
5-5 鹽浴皮膜對於不銹鋼表面色澤之影響...................................... 56
5-5-1 皮膜色澤觀察............................................................... 56
5-5-2 皮膜色澤分析............................................................... 57
5-5-3 皮膜光澤分析............................................................... 62
5-5-4 皮膜之氧化物比例分配................................................. 68
第六章結論........................................................................................ 73
參考文獻............................................................................................. 74
附錄一................................................................................................ 79

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指導教授

施登士(Teng-Shih Shih)

審核日期

2010-7-28

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