在車載隨意網路中以乘客為基底之調適性交通號誌系統

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姓名

鄧博騰(Bo-Teng Deng) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

資訊工程學系

論文名稱

在車載隨意網路中以乘客為基底之調適性交通號誌系統
(Study of Passenger-based Adaptive Traffic Signal System in VANETs)

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摘要(中)

近年來，車載隨意網路(Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks, 簡稱VANETs)以及智慧型運輸系統(Intelligent Transport Systems, 簡稱ITS)的研究如火如荼地展開。其中車載隨意網路之相關研究議題又分為安全性(safety)以及相關加值服務應用(service)兩大部分。在相關應用部分，要如何讓行駛中的車輛與乘客，能夠在更短的時間內安全地到達目的地，一直是許多研究人員日以繼夜想要達成的目標。而利用車輛上的車載元件(OBU)與道路基礎建設(RSU)之間的無線網路通訊，來交換即時的交通資訊，並且利用道路基礎建設調整交通號誌的週期，便是一個達成此目標的方法。然而目前的相關研究，所衡量的參考依據大部分皆為車輛的數目與延遲時間，卻忽略了車輛上的乘客，才是交通工具所需服務的對象。
本論文所提出的以乘客為基底之調適性交通號誌系統，是以車上的乘客數目為主要的參考依據，藉由OBU統計車輛上的乘客數量、廢氣排放與燃料消耗量，將此資訊回報給RSU，作為調整交通號誌的依據。並且讓RSU扮演控制交通號誌的角色，所欲達成的目標為在同樣或是更短的時間內，讓更多的乘客可以通過十字路口到達目的地，並且降低乘客的延遲。此外，現代的環保意識日益高漲，要如何降低車輛行駛所造成的廢氣排放和燃料消耗，也是一個值得研究的議題。本論文也將車輛的廢氣排放與燃料消耗量納入考量，將此兩項數據作為控制交通號誌的依據，藉由每台車輛上的OBU將這些資訊同時回報給RSU，以便達成更有利之交通號誌控制。
最後本論文利用模擬實驗的方式，將此機制施行前後所造成影響進行分析。在乘客延遲部份最少可以降低10.5%；於廢氣排放與燃料消耗量平均可以改善2.5%；車輛行駛等待次數最多可以降低18.53%。除了可以降低上述所提之衡量指標外，並可以增加交通號誌對車輛與乘客的服務率，讓更多的車輛與乘客能夠更快速地達到目的地。

摘要(英)

In recent years, a lot of researches about Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) and Intelligent Transport System (ITS) have been developed. The related researches in VANETs are mainly focus on safety and applications. How to service more vehicles and passengers and shorten traveling time is a major challenge issues that researchers need to solve. It is feasible to achieve aforementioned goal by using inter-vehicle communication (V2V) or vehicle to infrastructure communication (V2I) to exchange real-time traffic information and adjust traffic signal cycle by infrastructure. However, there are many related research only taking number of vehicles into consideration while ignoring the passengers on vehicles is the most important factor.
To solve shortcomings in existing solution, a passenger based traffic signal control mechanism is proposed in the thesis. In our proposal, traffic control factor is according to the number of passengers on vehicle, pollutant emission and fuel consumption. On board unit (OBU) equipped inside vehicle is utilized to gather vehicle’s information such as the number of passengers on vehicle, pollutant emission and fuel consumption. The collected messages are transmitted to road side unit (RSU) and we make RSU as traffic signal control agent to adjust traffic signal cycle in order to transport more passenger to their destination. The main objectives of the thesis is to propose a new traffic signal control mechanism to reduce passenger transportation time and decrease vehicles’ fuel consumption and pollutant emission.
We conduct simulation to examine our proposal and simulation results show the significant improvement of proposed mechanism when compared with disable our proposal. The comparative indexes are average passenger delay, vehicle delay, fuel consumption, pollutant emission and number of stop times. It can reduce average passenger delay at least 10.5% and average vehicle’s stop times at most 18.53%. In addition, the proposed mechanism can improve usage of fuel consumption at average 2.5%.

關鍵字(中)

★ 調適性交通號誌系統
★ 車載網路
★ 乘客延遲

關鍵字(英)

★ Adaptive Traffic Signal
★ Passenger Delay
★ VANET

論文目次

Chapter 1. 緒論 1
1.1. 車載隨意網路 1
1.2. 智慧型運輸系統 3
1.3. 調適性交通號誌系統 4
1.4. 車用資訊服務系統 5
1.5. 研究動機與目標 6
1.6. 論文架構 7
Chapter 2. 相關背景與研究 8
2.1. 調適性交通號誌系統 8
2.1.1. 單一十字路口 8
2.1.2. 多個十字路口 9
2.2. 乘客延遲時間 10
2.3. 燃料消耗與廢氣排放 11
2.4. 結論與比較 11
Chapter 3. 以乘客為基底之調適性交通號誌控制機制 13
3.1. 假設 13
3.2. 以乘客為基底之調適性交通號誌控制機制 14
3.2.1. 單一獨立的十字路口 20
3.2.2. 綠燈號誌時間延長或中斷 22
3.2.3. 下一交通循環綠燈時間之計算 27
3.2.4. 多個聯結的十字路口 31
3.2.5. 車流警示機制 32
Chapter 4. 模擬實驗與結果 35
4.1. 模擬參數與測量指標 35
4.2. Experiment 1: 車輛數之多寡對單一十字路口之影響 37
4.3. Experiment 2: 公共汽車佔有比例對單一十字路口之影響 41
4.4. Experiment 3: 綠燈號誌時間長度對單一十字路口之影響 45
4.5. Experiment 4: 加權指數對單一十字路口之影響 48
4.6. Experiment 5: 車流警示機制對多個十字路口之影響 50
4.7. Experiment 6: 車流警示機制對實際環境之影響 54
Chapter 5. 結論與未來展望 58
參考文獻 61

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指導教授

周立德(Li-Der Chou)

審核日期

2010-7-28

推文