車載網路中考慮交通號誌故障時之路口防撞預警機制

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姓名

楊文達(Man Tat) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

資訊工程學系

論文名稱

車載網路中考慮交通號誌故障時之路口防撞預警機制
(An Early Warning Scheme Considering Traffic Signal Breakdown for Intersection Collision Avoidance in VANETs)

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至系統瀏覽論文 ( 永不開放)

摘要(中)

全球每年因車禍意外死傷人數，始終居高不下，而各大車廠及政府機關等團體，為了尋求讓駕駛者更舒適、更安全的駕駛環境，努力尋找改善方案；由於無線網路技術的發展進步，從而提出了智慧型運輸系統和汽車隨意網路的架構。
　　汽車隨意網路的特性，在可以沒有基地台的協助下，車輛之間可以進行資料交換；或是利用地基台與外界取得連絡，上述特性產生了許多的應用，如路口車輛防撞機制。由於智慧型運輸系統與車載網路的結合，讓駕駛者帶來更舒適、更安全的駕駛環境，目前許多文獻對於車輛防撞機制提出解決方案，雖能改善碰撞次數，卻未有計對煞車次數、交通號誌故障的情景作出研究。
　　本論文提出使用Signal Breakdown Message，利用此訊息，作出交通號誌故障時發出警告，通知駕駛者並提高駕駛者的注意前方路口的交通情況，並提供指導維持交通。另外，本論文由於利用預警方式，通知駕駛者提早減速，故此可減少車輛在十字路口的碰撞次數，減少不必要的緊急煞車和煞車次數。
　　最後本論文利用模擬實驗的方式，將此機制施行前後所造成影響進行分析。在避免碰撞次數可降低56.23%；於緊急煞車次數最少可以降低16.35%；於煞車次數可降低5.30%；於交通號誌故障造成之延遲時間可降低72.28%；於延遲時間可降低22.59%，有效降低在交通號誌故障情況下，減少車輛在路口發生交通意外，維持有限度的交通控管。

摘要(英)

In every year, there are so many people die or hunt because of car accident. In order to make more comfortable, safer driving environment, therefore, all of automotive industry, government and organization are trying to find the solution to improve it. Due to the technique of wireless made a great progress, the framework of Vehicle Ad-hoc Network (VANETs) and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are developed.
VANETs is a wireless technique which can exchange the data between vehicles without base station, or it can communicate with outside via base station. This can develop so many applications, such as Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems (CICAS). Many researches provide some solution to reduce the number of accident, but they do not consider the situation of traffic signal breakdown and braking numbers.
This thesis proposes using of Signal Breakdown Message; this message provides the early warning ability and prevents the collision of intersection when traffic signal is breakdown. In addition to send warning message, it can maintain limited traffic to prevent more accident.
Finally, the thesis uses NCTUns 6.0 simulator to simulate, and comparing itself with traffic signal is breakdown. By the result, it improves 56.23% for intersection collisions, it improves 16.35% for emergency brake, it improves 5.30% for vehicle brake, it improves 72.28% for average vehicle delay time by traffic signal breakdown, and it improves 22.59% for average vehicle end-to-end delay time. It proves that it can reduce the collisions.

關鍵字(中)

★ 交通號誌故障
★ 預警
★ 車載網路
★ 路口防撞機制

關鍵字(英)

★ early warning
★ VANETs
★ traffic signal breakdown
★ intersection collision avoidance

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 x
1.緒論 1
1.1. 概要 1
1.2. 研究動機 2
1.3. 研究目的 4
1.4. 論文架構 4
2.背景知識及相關研究 5
2.1. 汽車隨意網路的背景 5
2.2. 智慧型運輸系統 9
2.3. 交通號誌系統 10
2.3.1 調適性交通號誌系統 10
2.3.2 交通號誌故障所帶來的影響 12
2.4. 合作式路口防撞系統 13
2.5. 預警能力所帶來的優點 14
2.6. 結論與比較 15
3.交通號誌故障之路口防撞預警機制 17
3.1. 機制假設 17
3.2. 交通號誌故障下之路口防撞預警機制 18
3.2.1 單一十字路口交通號誌故障情境 19
3.2.2 多個十字路口交通號誌故障情境 22
3.3. 機制架構 25
3.4. 機制流程 27
3.5. 交通號誌週期時間與優先權計算 31
4.模擬結果與討論 33
4.1. 模擬參數與測量指標 34
4.2. 實驗一︰車輛數之多寡對單一十字路口之影響 37
4.3. 實驗二︰交通事故修復時間之不同對單一十字路口之影響 41
4.4. 實驗三︰車輛數之多寡對多個十字路口之影響 46
4.5. 實驗四︰交通事故修復時間之不同對多個十字路口之影響 51
4.6. 實驗五︰更長之交通事故修復時間之對多個十字路口之影響 55
4.7. 實驗六︰車輛數之多寡對多個連續十字路口之影響 60
4.8. 實驗七︰真實地圖之模擬 65
5.結論與未來工作 70
5.1. 結論 70
5.2. 未來發展工作 73
參考文獻 75

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指導教授

周立德(Li-Der Chou)

審核日期

2011-7-26

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