最佳化設計於結構被動控制之應用

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姓名

黃募甄(Mu-Chen Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

最佳化設計於結構被動控制之應用
(Applications of Optimization Method for the Design of Passive Control Device Used in Structures)

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摘要(中)

摘要
本研究主要探討結構物中配置線性黏滯阻尼器之最佳化設計問題，並針對不等高橋墩隔震橋梁及平面鋼骨抗彎構架進行研究，其中不等高橋墩橋梁是以阻尼器的阻尼係數和墩柱支承勁度為設計參數，並經由最佳化方法找出阻尼器與支承勁度的配置方式來達到最佳減振效果；平面鋼骨抗彎構架則以阻尼器的阻尼係數和配置位置為設計參數，藉由最佳化方法來決定阻尼器的配置方式，期可有效降低目標結構之受震反應。
研究中，將橋梁結構簡化為集中質量系統，並建立其運動方程式，再透過直接積分法分析受震歷時反應；鋼骨構架則採用向量式有限元素法(VFIFE)作為分析工具，求得目標建築之受震反應。設計過程均採用混合粒子群演算法及模擬退火法之 PSO-SA搜尋法來求得最佳設計變數的組合，使目標結構之受震反應最小化。
經由數個設計案例的結果可發現，不論是遠域震波或近域震波，透過最佳化設計法均可找到適合的設計參數，使目標結構之受震反應有效地降低。文末亦將針對設計結果探討遠域震波與近域震波下阻尼器配置的差異性與減振效益。

摘要(英)

The purpose of this research is aimed to find the optimal capacity and location of viscous dampers installed in structures for mitigating seismic response of the structures. There are two different type of structural systems are considered in this research. One of them is the isolated bridge with columns of irregular height, and the other is a planar steel moment resisting frame. For the isolated bridge, the design variables are the capacity of viscous dampers and the stiffness of bearings. For the planar moment resisting frame, the design variables are the capacity of dampers and the nodal coordinates of the two ends of each damper where it will be installed. To minimize the seismic responses of structures, a PSO-SA (Particle Swarm Optimization-Simulated Annealing) hybrid searching algorithm is employed to explore the optimal design variables.
The analytical model for the bridge structure is simplified as a lumped mass system and the behaviors of columns and bearing are both considered as bilinear. The direct integration method is then used to analyze the seismic responses of the bridge. For the moment resisting frame, the vector form intrinsic finite element method (VFIFE) is employed to analyze the seismic responses.
The numerical results clearly show that the PSO-SA hybrid algorithm can successfully find the optimal design variables for effectively minimizing the responses of the bridge structure and the moment resisting frame under either near field and far field seismic excitations. Parametric studies on the influences of optimal solutions for near field and far field seismic excitations are also discussed in the report.

關鍵字(中)

★ 不等高橋墩隔震橋梁
★ 平面鋼骨抗彎構架
★ 黏滯阻尼器配置
★ 最佳化設計

關鍵字(英)

★ viscous dampers
★ planar moment resisting frame
★ isolated bridge with columns of irregular height
★ bearings
★ optimum design.

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 V
表目錄 X
圖目錄 XVI
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 文獻回顧 4
1.2.1橋梁結構 4
1.2.2建築結構 6
1.3 論文架構 10
第二章 PSO-SA混合式搜尋法 11
2.1 粒子群演算法(PSO) 11
2.1.1 PSO基本模式 13
2.1.2常數慣性權重(Constant Inertia Weight) 14
2.1.3線性慣量遞減(Linear Inertia Reduction) 15
2.1.4最大速度限制(Limitation of Maximum Velocity) 16
2.1.5動態慣量及最大速度遞減(Dynamic Inertia and Maximum Velocity Reduction) 16
2.1.6 PSO之演算程序 18
2.2 模擬退火法(Simulated Annealing) 19
2.2.1 SA的跳躍機制 20
2.2.2 SA之演算程序 21
2.3 PSO-SA混合搜尋法 23
2.3.1 PSO-SA-Pg混合策略 23
2.3.2修正PSO-SA-Pg混合搜尋法 25
第三章不等高橋墩橋梁隔震支承與阻尼器最佳設計 32
3.1 橋梁結構之分析方法 32
3.1.1目標橋梁之細部資料 32
3.1.2目標橋梁之分析模型與構材受力變形關係 33
3.1.3直接積分法 36
3.1.4 Newmark-β法 37
3.1.5 Runge-Kutta 法 40
3.1.6求解運動方程式 41
3.2 目標橋梁最佳化問題的數學模式 43
3.2.1目標橋梁最佳化設計問題的描述 43
3.2.2目標橋梁最佳參數搜尋之數學模式 44
3.2.3設計變數 46
3.2.4設計震波 47
3.2.5 PSO-SA混合式最佳化搜尋法之參數設定 47
3.3目標橋梁於不同考量下最佳化設計結果與討論 48
3.3.1黏滯阻尼器阻尼係數最佳化設計結果與討論 48
3.3.2橋墩支承勁度最佳化設計結果與討論 51
3.3.3阻尼係數及橋墩支承勁度最佳化設計結果與討論 53
3.4 不同震波設計之比較 55
3.4.1震波PGA調整至1g後阻尼器設計結果的比較 55
3.4.2震波PGA值調整至1g後橋墩支承設計結果的比較 57
3.4.3橋墩支承勁度及阻尼器阻尼係數最佳設計結果之比較 58
3.4.4震波PGA值調整至1g並改變橋墩位移限制條件，將Case2與Case3重新設計與比較 59
第四章鋼骨構架阻尼器配置最佳化設計 149
4.1 目標構架與分析方法 149
4.1.1目標構架 149
4.1.2向量式有限元素法(VFIFE) 150
4.2 目標構架之阻尼係數及裝置位置最佳化問題描述 153
4.2.1目標構架最佳參數搜尋之數學模式 153
4.2.2主要變數設定及設計方式 154
4.2.3設計震波 155
4.3 設計結果與討論 156
4.3.1一層一跨抗彎構架的設計結果與討論 156
4.3.2二層一跨抗彎構架阻尼器最佳化設計結果與討論 158
4.3.3三層一跨抗彎構架黏滯阻尼器阻尼係數與位置最佳化設計結果與討論 160
4.4 本章總結 162
第五章結論與建議 201
5.1 結論 201
5.2 建議 204
參考文獻 206

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指導教授

莊德興(Der-Shin Juang)

審核日期

2012-7-3

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