低放射性廢棄物處置用障壁混凝土受硫酸鹽侵蝕之劣化及預估研究

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姓名

黃昱崴(Yu-wei Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

低放射性廢棄物處置用障壁混凝土受硫酸鹽侵蝕之劣化及預估研究
(Low-level radioactive waste disposal with the barrier of concrete by sulfate attack deterioration and estimate research)

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摘要(中)

低放射性廢棄物處置場障壁主體由混凝土構成，然而台灣地區多雨且四面臨海，因此處置場易因海水、地下水、酸雨以及乾濕循環的作用而造成障壁混凝土材料遭受硫酸鹽侵蝕劣化，若處置場在此種服務環境下，可能對障壁混凝土造成損害或劣化而影響其耐久性。
本研究針對低放射性廢棄物處置場工程障壁所使用之混凝土材料，以實驗室模擬混凝土材料長期受硫酸鹽侵蝕作用下，探討障壁混凝土材料長期在此環境下的行為，分析其可能劣化機制及對耐久性之影響。試驗結果得知: (1)混凝土受硫酸鹽侵蝕時，其入侵之深度及濃度皆隨著歷時時間增加而增加；(2)以卜作嵐材料取代部分水泥及降低水膠比，可提升混凝土緻密性進而改善抗硫酸鹽侵蝕能力；(3)將試驗結果依據費克第二定律(Fick’s second law)加以擬合可推估硫酸根離子擴散係數及邊界濃度，藉以評估卜作嵐材料取代水泥之影響；(4)最後再以擴散係數以及現地硫酸根離子濃度來推估混凝土劣化情形。

摘要(英)

The proposed engineered barrier for low-level radioactive wastes disposal site is made of concrete. Since Taiwan is surrounded by the sea, the low-level radioactive wastes disposal site is very possible to suffer from the attack of different elements of the environment, such as sea water, ground water, acid rain, wet-dry cycle, and sulfate attack.
The attack by sulfate on concrete material used at the low-level radioactive wastes disposal site was simulated in the laboratory to determine the long-term durability of concrete material. The possible degradation mechanism of concrete under sulfate attack and the influence on its durability are carefully examined in this study. The results of the laboratory works show that: (1) the depth of sulfate penetration increases with elapsed time of sulfate attack; (2) the replacement of a portion of Portland cement with pozzolanic materials and use of low w/b were found to help the concrete to resist the sulfate attack; (3) the diffusion coefficient can be determined from the sulfate profile experimental result according to Fick’s second law, such that the effect of replacement of a portion of Portland cement with pozzlanic materials can be assessed; (4) Finally, estimate the diffusion coefficient of concrete deterioration.

關鍵字(中)

★ 障壁混凝土
★ 擴散係數
★ 硫酸鹽侵蝕

關鍵字(英)

★ sulfate attack
★ concrete barrier
★ diffusivity

論文目次

目錄 i
圖目錄 iii
表目錄 v
第一章緒論 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2研究目的 2
1.3研究內容 3
第二章文獻回顧 5
2.1低放射性廢棄物 5
2.1.1低放射性廢棄物來源 5
2.1.2低放射性廢棄物處置設施 5
2.1.3低放射性廢棄物處置場之環境侵蝕 11
2.2 混凝土耐久性 12
2.2.1混凝土耐久性定義 12
2.2.2物理侵蝕 12
2.2.3化學侵蝕 14
2.3 硫酸鹽侵蝕 16
2.3.1 硫酸鹽侵蝕機理 17
2.3.2 硫酸鎂的侵蝕 21
2.3.3 影響硫酸鹽侵蝕的因素 22
2.3.4 混凝土試體受硫酸鹽侵蝕開裂過程 30
2.4碳硫矽鈣石型硫酸鹽侵蝕 31
2.4.1 碳硫矽鈣石結構特徵 32
2.4.2 碳硫矽鈣石產生因素 33
2.4.3 碳硫矽鈣石產生預防措施 37
2.5 混凝土的劣化 37
第三章實驗計畫 41
3.1 實驗材料 41
3.2 主要實驗設備 47
3.3 實驗內容及方法 49
3.3.1 實驗流程 49
3.3.2 實驗變數 51
3.3.3 實驗方法 57
第四章結果與討論 59
4.1 硫酸鹽侵蝕濃度剖面 59
4.1.1不同混凝土配比在歷時時間下之濃度剖面 59
4.1.2混凝土配比在不同歷時時間下之濃度剖面 67
4.1.3濃度剖面推估擴散係數 74
4.2 實驗數值與信賴度分析 84
4.3 硫酸鹽侵蝕預估 93
4.4 硫酸鹽侵蝕試驗 97
第五章結論與建議 102
5.1 結論 102
5.2 建議 103
參考文獻 105
附錄 113

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指導教授

黃偉慶(Wei-Hsing Huang)

審核日期

2012-7-19

推文