以動態離心模型試驗模擬液化地盤淺基礎建築物之受震反應

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姓名

邱吉爾(Ji-Er QIU) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

以動態離心模型試驗模擬液化地盤淺基礎建築物之受震反應
(Centrifuge modeling on seismic responses of building with shallow foundations in liquefiable ground during earthquakes)

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摘要(中)

本研究設計三種不同樓層數(1、3、5層樓)重量之淺基礎建築物模型，利用中大地工離心機於50g離心力場下進行模型試驗，並藉由試體中安裝之加速度計、孔隙水壓計、土壓力計、線性差動可變變壓器(LVDT)、雷射位移計及淺基礎建築物上之應變規，分別量測各項物理量之受震歷時，探討淺基礎建築物於液化地盤上之受震反應。
研究結果顯示:(1) 砂土試體在土壤未達液化狀態時，有明顯加速度振幅放大效應，但當地盤產生液化現象時，液化層會阻隔振波的傳遞，對建築物有振動衰減之反應；(2)建築物越重時，受振後所產生的沉陷量會越大；(3)建築物之沉陷會隨輸入振動的增強而增加，且大部分的沉陷都在振動期間所產生；(4)當施加振動越大時，液化層的深度會越深，且土層液化狀態維持時間較長，超額孔隙水壓消散所需的時間也較為長久；(5)在離心模型試驗中，使用黏滯流體作為砂土試體之飽和液體，可使超額孔隙水壓的激發與消散更為真實模擬現地之情況。

摘要(英)

This research is a project for studying post-earthquake settlement and deformation behavior of buildings with shallow foundations in liquefiable ground using dynamic centrifuge tests. In this research, a centrifugal scale-down model was specifically designed and tested at 50g. The model buildings used in the study have three different weights and in the different sand beds saturated with water and viscous fluid, respectively. Several accelerometers, pore water pressure transducers, linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), laser displacement sensor, and earth pressure cells were installed to measure the seismic response, the generation of pore water pressure in the surrounding soil during shaking and the displacement histories of the surface settlement and of the building during shaking.
According to the analysis of model test results, the following conclusions
are made: (1) In liquefiable ground, liquefied layer will barrier vibration pass to cause buildings vibrate will be decreased. (2) On post-earthquake, the heavier buildings settlement will be larger. (3) Buildings settlement increased with the input vibration increase. (4) The liquefied layer depth increased with the input vibration increases.

關鍵字(中)

★ 淺基建築物
★ 地工離心機
★ 加速度放大效應
★ 超額孔隙水壓

關鍵字(英)

★ shallow foundation
★ liquefiable ground
★ dynamic centrifuge tests

論文目次

目錄
摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章緒論 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 研究方法 2
1-3 論文架構 3
第二章文獻回顧 4
2-1 土壤液化 4
2-2 離心模型原理 5
2-2-1 離心模型之基本相似律 5
2-2-2 離心模型之基本動態相似律 6
2-3 試驗用孔隙流體 10
2-4 淺基礎建築物受震的相關研究 11
2-4-1 土層密度與滲透性對基礎沉陷之影響 11
2-4-2 側向循環加載試驗與振動台試驗 12
第三章試驗方法與試驗設備 24
3-1 試驗方法 24
3-2 儀器設備與相關設備 24
3-2-1 地工離心機 24
3-2-2 中大離心振動台 25
3-2-3 資料擷取系統 25
3-2-4 積層版式試驗箱 26
3-2-5 淺基礎建築物模型 26
3-2-6 各式感測器(加速度計、孔隙水壓計、LVDT) 27
3-2-7 移動式霣降機 28
3-3 試驗土樣及其基本性質 28
3-4 試驗準備步驟與流程 29
3-4-1 試驗箱之準備與組立 29
3-4-2 重模試體製作 30
3-4-3 土壤試體飽和 31
3-4-4 離心機繞行前準備與振動試驗開始 32
第四章試驗規劃與試驗結果分析 53
4-1 試驗規劃 53
4-2 試驗內容 54
4-3 加速度歷時比較 57
4-3-1 一層樓建築物模型於不同飽和液體時加速度歷時 58
4-3-2 不同樓層數(重量)建築物模型加速度歷時 60
4-3-3 土層深度與加速度歷時之關係 62
4-3-4 土層的主頻計算 64
4-3-5 利用轉換函數探討建築物與土層的頻率特性 64
4-3-6 加速度歷時小結 66
4-4 超額孔隙水壓歷時比較 67
4-4-1 不同飽和液體之超額孔隙水壓歷時比較 67
4-4-2 不同樓層建築物之超額孔隙水壓歷時比較 69
4-4-3 不同輸入振動強度之超額孔隙水壓歷時比較 69
4-4-4 超額孔隙水壓比歷時 70
4-4-5 超額孔隙水壓歷時小結 71
4-5 建築物與自由土層沉陷量之比較 72
4-6 積層版箱側向位移歷時 76
4-7 土壓力歷時與地板應變歷時 77
4-8 試驗結果總整理 78
第五章結論與建議 142
5-1 結論 142
5-2 建議 144
參考文獻 145

參考文獻

參考文獻
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指導教授

黃俊鴻、李崇正(J. H. Hwang)

審核日期

2012-7-24

推文