利用變溫及變壓吸附捕獲電廠煙道氣中二氧化碳之模擬

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黃致翔(Chih-hsiang Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

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化學工程與材料工程學系

論文名稱

利用變溫及變壓吸附捕獲電廠煙道氣中二氧化碳之模擬

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摘要(中)

本研究以透過變溫及變壓吸附分離程序處理發電後所產生之煙道氣作為吸附設備模擬的對象(15.03% CO2和84.97% N2)，所使用的吸附劑為依台電綜合研究所配方製備的聚苯胺固態CO2吸附劑，目的為將二氧化碳濃縮(>90%)回收，以利之後儲存並減少二氧化碳排放至大氣中，減少溫室氣體的排放。
模擬程式中使用了method of lines結合upwind differences和cubic spline approximation，再以ODEPACK套裝軟體中之LSODE程式對時間作積分，估計出下段時間的濃度、溫度及壓力，之後一直重複循環計算到系統達到週期性穩態為止。
本研究使用了四種不同的吸附分離程序，分別為單塔五步驟變溫吸附程序、單塔兩步驟變壓吸附程序、單塔三步驟變壓吸附程序和雙塔六步驟變壓吸附程序。最佳的操作條件是由經過不同的操作變因探討後得到的，例如：吸脫附溫度、進料壓力、塔長及步驟時間等。
經過變因探討後得到的最佳程序為單塔三步驟變壓吸附程序，最佳操作條件為進料壓力6.0 atm、同向減壓壓力1.0 atm、逆向減壓壓力0.1 atm、塔長 98.3 cm、進料時間1200 s、同向減壓時間10 s及逆向減壓時間500 s。在此條件下其結果為二氧化碳濃度97.13%，回收率87.26%。捕捉每噸二氧化碳所需能耗為1.39 GJ/tonCO2。

摘要(英)

In this simulation study, several adsorption process is utilized to separate CO2 and N2 from the power plant flue gas(15.03% CO2和84.97% N2) with solid polyaniline sorbent. CO2 can be recovered and sequestrated to reduce green- house-gas effects.
The method of lines is utilized, combined with upwind differences, cubic spline approximation and LSODE of ODEPACK software to solve the problem. The concentration, temperature, and adsorption quantity in the bed are integrated with respect to time by LSODE of ODEPACK software. The simulation is stopped when the system reaches a cyclic steady state.
Four different processes have been used in this study, single-bed five-step temperature swing adsorption (TSA) process, single-bed two-step pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process, single-bed three-step PSA process and dual-bed six-step PSA process. The optimal operating condition is obtained by varying the operating variables, such as adsorption temperature, desorption temperature, feed pressure, bed length, step time, etc.
After the variables discussion, the best process is single-bed three-step PSA process and the best operating condition is feed pressure 6.0 atm, cocurrent depressurization pressure 1.0 atm, vacuum pressure 0.1 atm, bed length 98.3 cm and step time at 1200, 10 and 500 s. The results of the best operating condition are 97.13% purity and 87.26% recovery of CO2 with an energy consumption of 1.39 GJ/tonCO2.

關鍵字(中)

★ 變溫吸附
★ 二氧化碳
★ 煙道氣
★ 變壓吸附

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

摘要………………………………………………………………………i
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………iii
誌謝…………………………………………………...…………...iv
目錄……………………………………………………………..….v
圖目錄………...……….…………...………...………ix
表目錄………...………………………...………...……..xiii
第一章、緒論………………………………………………………….1
第二章、簡介及文獻回顧…………………………………….…4
2-1 吸附之簡介……………………………….…………..4
2-1-1 吸附基本原理……………………...…………………4
2-1-2 吸附劑及其選擇性……………………………………...5
2-1-3 變壓吸附基本操作步驟…………………………...6
2-2 文獻回顧………………………………………………...8
2-2-1變壓吸附程序之發展及改進……………………………………8
2-2-2 理論之回顧…………………………………………………….12
2-2-3 利用吸附程序處理煙道氣之相關文獻……………………….14
第三章、理論…………………………………………………..19
3-1 基本假設……………………………………………...20
3-2 統制方程式…………………………………………….21
3-3 吸附平衡關係式………………………………….…25
3-4 參數推導………………………………………………….26
3-4-1 聚苯胺固態CO2吸附劑對CO2的吸附熱……………………26
3-4-2 軸向分散係數………………………………………………….27
3-4-3 熱傳係數……………………………………………………….29
3-5 邊界條件與流速…………………………………….31
3-5-1 邊界條件與節點流速………………………………………….31
3-5-2 閥公式………………………………………………………….32
3-6求解步驟……………………………………………………33
第四章、製程描述…………………………………………………..36
4-1 突破曲線製程…………………………………………….37
4-2 單塔變溫吸附製程………………………………….38
4-3 單塔變壓吸附製程………………………………….…40
4-4 雙塔變壓吸附製程………………………………………….43
4-5 氣體性質與吸附參數………………………………………….45
4-6 程式驗證…………………………………………………….48
第五章、數據分析與結果討論……………………………….50
5-1 突破曲線程序之模擬…………………………………….50
5-1-1 進料組成對突破曲線程序之影響…………………………….51
5-1-2 進料流率對突破曲線程序之影響…………………………….52
5-1-3 操作溫度對突破曲線程序之影響…………………………….53
5-2 單塔變溫吸附程序之模擬………………….54
5-2-1 吸附溫度對單塔變溫吸附程序之影響……………………….56
5-2-2 脫附溫度對單塔變溫吸附程序之影響……………………….59
5-2-3 進料壓力對單塔變溫吸附程序之影響……………………….62
5-2-4 進料時間對單塔變溫吸附程序之影響……………………….65
5-2-5 沖洗時間對單塔變溫吸附程序之影響……………………….68
5-3 單塔變壓吸附程序之模擬………………………………….71
5-3-1 單塔兩步驟變壓程序之變因探討…………………………….73
5-3-1-1 進料壓力對單塔兩步驟變壓吸附程序之影響………...73
5-3-1-2 進料時間對單塔兩步驟變壓吸附程序之影響………...76
5-3-1-3 逆向減壓時間對單塔兩步驟變壓吸附程序之影響…...79
5-3-2 單塔三步驟變壓程序之變因探討…………………………….82
5-3-2-1 進料壓力對單塔三步驟變壓吸附程序之影響………...82
5-3-2-2 同向減壓壓力對單塔三步驟變壓吸附程序之影響…...86
5-3-2-3 逆向減壓壓力對單塔三步驟變壓吸附程序之影響…...90
5-3-2-4 吸附塔塔長對單塔三步驟變壓吸附程序之影響……...94
5-3-2-5 進料時間對單塔三步驟變壓吸附程序之影響………...98
5-3-2-6 同向減壓時間對單塔三步驟變壓吸附程序之影響….102
5-3-2-7 逆向減壓時間對單塔三步驟變壓吸附程序之影響….106
5-4 雙塔變壓吸附程序之模擬………...………...……….....110
5-4-11P/F ratio對雙塔六步驟變壓吸附程序之影響…….…….111
5-5 最佳結果討論…...………...………...…………...……115
5-6 能耗之計算…...………………...…………...………118
第六章、結論………...………...…………...………..120
符號說明………...……………………...………...….122
參考文獻………...……………...…………...………...….126
附錄A、流速之估算方法………………...…………...……...132
附錄B、各數據詳細資料………………...…………...………136

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指導教授

周正堂、楊閎舜(Cheng-tung Chou)

審核日期

2012-7-24

推文