鈧、鋯與熱處理對Al-4.5Mg-0.8Mn合金性質之影響

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陳仲豪(Zhong-hao Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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能源工程研究所

論文名稱

鈧、鋯與熱處理對Al-4.5Mg-0.8Mn合金性質之影響
(Effect of Sc、Zr additions and heat treatment on the properties of Al-4.5Mg-0.8Mn alloys)

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摘要(中)

本研究藉由含微量鈧、鋯之Al-4.5Mg-0.8Mn合金探討以下主題： (1)經電子束焊接(electron beam welding，EBW)後，微量鈧、鋯對Al-4.5Mg-0.8Mn-H116合金板材微結構、機械及腐蝕性質之影響；(2)藉由高溫熱處理模擬實驗，探討含微量鈧、鋯之Al-4.5Mg-0.8Mn-H116合金焊接時熱影響區之特性變化。
Al-4.5Mg-0.8Mn合金微量添加鈧、鋯元素，可使鑄態合金之晶粒細化，提升鑄態合金硬度，並抑制再結晶現象，經高溫退火後仍保有原熱加工組織，使合金機械強度提升，主要強化機制為Al3Sc、Al3Zr及Al3(ScxZr1-x)晶出相所造成的細晶強化、散佈強化，以及抑制再結晶的次結構強化。
高溫熱影響區模擬試驗中發現，Al-4.5Mg-0.8Mn-H116合金在600℃熱處理後其腐蝕重量損失率皆大幅上升，有嚴重的沿晶腐蝕現象，主要是因高溫時合金部分溶解，導致大量β相(Mg2Al3)晶出於晶界，造成嚴重的沿晶腐蝕破壞；而添加鈧、鋯元素的晶粒細化效果，反讓β相有更多析出位置，提供連續的腐蝕傳播路徑，使腐蝕面積增加，裂縫更能深入材料內部，導致合金抗蝕能力衰退。

摘要(英)

This present study investigates the Al-4.5Mg-0.8Mn alloys containing minor scandium, zirconium and discusses the following topics :(1)Effect of Sc, Zr additions on the properties of Al-4.5Mg-0.8Mn alloys after electron beam welding (EBW). (2)Investigating the characteristics of Al-4.5Mn-0.8Mn alloys in welding process by simulated heat affected zone (HAZ).
Additions of minor Sc, Zr to Al-4.5Mg-0.8Mn alloys not only refine the cast ingots, but also improve hardness. The precipitations can prevent recrystallization even at high temperature and remain fibrous microstructure via hot working. Strengthening increment by adding Sc and Zr is mainly attributed to fine-grain strengthening, dispersive precipitate strengthening and substructure strengthening resulted from recrystallization restricted.
Al-4.5Mg-0.8Mn-H116 alloys have considerably mass loss after heat treatment at 600℃ because alloys have been dissolved partially and β-phase (Mg2Al3) precipitated abundantly at grain boundary, dense precipitation of β-phase in Al-4.5Mg-0.8Mn alloys containing Sc and Zr since the small grains have more boundaries which provide the β-phase nucleation locations and corrosion propagation path, the corrosion crack penetrate into the material further and result in the corrosion resistance of alloys decline significantly.

關鍵字(中)

★ 熱影響區
★ 焊接
★ 鋁鎂合金
★ 鋯
★ 沿晶腐蝕
★ 鈧

關鍵字(英)

★ intergranular corrosion
★ scandium
★ heat affected zone
★ welding
★ Al-Mg alloys
★ zirconium

論文目次

總目錄
摘要.......................................................i
Abstract................................................. ii
謝誌.....................................................iii
總目錄................................................... iv
表目錄...................................................vii
圖目錄..................................................viii
第一章前言與文獻回顧.....................................1
1.1 研究背景..............................................1
1.2 鋁鎂合金簡介..........................................2
1.3 添加金屬元素對鋁合金之影響............................3
1.3.1 鎂對鋁合金的影響....................................3
1.3.2 錳對鋁合金的影響....................................3
1.3.3 鋯對鋁合金的影響....................................5
1.3.4 鈧對鋁合金的影響....................................6
1.3.5 其他元素對鋁合金的影響..............................7
1.4 鋁鎂合金之腐蝕........................................13
1.4.1 鋁鎂合金沿晶腐蝕簡介................................13
1.5 影響鋁鎂合金腐蝕破壞之因素............................13
1.5.1 加工量對腐蝕特性之影響..............................14
1.5.2 熱處理製程對腐蝕特性之影響..........................14
1.5.3 介金屬化合物對腐蝕特性之影響........................15
1.6 鋁合金焊接............................................16
1.6.1 惰性氣體電弧焊接....................................16
1.6.2 電子束焊接..........................................17
1.7 研究動機與規劃........................................19
第二章實驗方法與步驟.....................................20
2.1 合金熔配及成份分析....................................20
2.2 微結構分析............................................21
2.2.1 金相觀察............................................21
2.2.2 掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察................................22
2.2.3 導電度量測......................................... 22
第三章結果與討論(一)
電子束焊接對含鈧、鋯之Al-4.5Mg-0.8Mn合金性質之影響....... 23
3.1 實驗方法與步驟....................................... 23
3.1.1 均質化處理及熱加工................................. 23
3.1.2 H116製程........................................... 24
3.1.3 電子束焊接......................................... 24
3.1.4 微結構分析......................................... 25
3.1.5 機械性質分析....................................... 26
3.1.6 腐蝕性質分析....................................... 27
3.2 結果與討論........................................... 29
3.2.1 微結構分析......................................... 29
3.2.2 導電度量測......................................... 50
3.2.3 硬度試驗........................................... 53
3.2.4 微硬度試驗......................................... 58
3.2.5 拉伸試驗........................................... 60
3.2.6 ASTM G67重量損失試驗............................... 63
3.3 結論................................................. 70
第四章結果與討論(二)
鈧、鋯與高溫熱處理對Al-4.5Mg-0.8Mn合金性質之影響......... 71
4.1 實驗方法與步驟....................................... 71
4.1.1 模擬熱影響區....................................... 71
4.1.2 微結構分析......................................... 71
4.1.3 機械與腐蝕性質量測................................. 72
4.2 結果與討論........................................... 73
4.2.1 高溫熱處理之微結構觀察............................. 73
4.2.2 導電度量測......................................... 87
4.2.3 硬度試驗........................................... 91
4.2.4 ASTM G67重量損失試驗............................... 94
4.3 結論.................................................105
未來研究方向.............................................106
參考文獻.................................................107

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指導教授

李勝隆(Sheng-long Lee)

審核日期

2012-8-27

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