在甘比亞雲頓區實行獨立型太陽光電屋的可行性研究

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巴輔宏(Bafoday Sanyang) 查詢紙本館藏

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國際永續發展碩士在職專班

論文名稱

在甘比亞雲頓區實行獨立型太陽光電屋的可行性研究
(Feasibility Study of Stand-Alone PV Home in Yundum Area, Gambia)

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摘要(中)

本論文的目的是針對在甘比亞的獨立型住宅太陽光電系統的規模及成本作探討。在鄉村的一個典型四口之家被設定為一個模擬模型，它的負載代表普通家庭一天中所有不同的消耗電力。本文利用從NASA地表氣象和太陽能資料庫（SSE）與甘比亞的太陽能和風能資源評估（SWERA）提供月平均的每日總太陽輻射值和日照小時的數據。
雲頓(Yundum)地區（13.4°N的，-16.8°E）的月平均每日水平面太陽輻射數據被用來在RETScreen軟體內評估太陽光電發電量和成本估算分析。雲頓總平均太陽輻射值為5.74 kWh/day/m2，日照小時有7-10小時/天。估算的交流電需求為520 WP用來設計獨立太陽光電（SAPV）系統。這個預估的SAPV系統將需要4個太陽光電模組，涵蓋約4.3平方米的面積。決定負載使用，電池大小和模規模的方法是參考專業機構的建議。
對SAPV系統的可行性評估是採用RETScreen模型，透過能源生產分析和財務可行性分析的模擬。結果顯示，此系統每年的發電量費有350千瓦時（度），容量因子達20.8%。各種財務指標（如內部收益率計算，簡單投資回收期，淨現值，權益回收期和成本效益比）顯示在甘比亞實行SAPV系統來提供住宅供電系統在財務上極為可行。本文建議採用收費服務和經銷商/零售商的融資模式在甘比亞廣泛推行SAPV系統。雖然此收費服務計劃是最困難和最費時的模式，且在甘比亞尚無這類機制。然而，如果政策能明確地敘述並呈現給利益相關者，它是有可能被實施。

摘要(英)

The purpose of this thesis is to present a study on sizing and cost estimation methodology for stand-alone residential PV power system in The Gambia. A typical peri-urban household of four people was chosen as a model for simulation where the loads that were chosen are an average household to power all the different loads in the house on a typical day. This thesis utilizes monthly average daily global solar radiation and sunshine-hour data from NASA Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) through the Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment Programme (SWERA) in The Gambia.
The monthly average daily solar radiation data incident on horizontal surface at Yundum (13.4°N, -16.8°E) was used to evaluate the PV energy production and cost estimation analysis with the software RETScreen. Yundum has an average global solar radiation value of 5.74 kWh/day/m2, and a daily sunshine-hour of 7-10 hours/day. The AC peak load energy demand is calculated as 520 Wp, which is used to designed Stand-Alone PV (SAPV) system. It is estimated that the potential SAPV system would require 4 PV modules, covering an approximate area of 4.3 m2. The approach used for load determination, battery sizing and array sizing is based on guideline issued by professional organization.
Feasibility assessment of the proposed SAPV system is evaluated using RETScreen model, through the simulation of an energy production analysis and financial viability analysis. The results showed this system has annual electricity of 1700 kWh, with a capacity factor of 20.8%. Various financial indicators (such as internal rate of return, simple payback period, net present value, equity pay-back period and benefit-cost ratio) indicated favorable financial viability for the deployment of such SAPV system for residential power system in The Gambia. The fee-for service and dealer/retailer financing models are recommended for the implementation of a wide spread SAPV system dissemination mechanisms in The Gambia. Although the fee-for service scheme is the most difficult, time-consuming model, and it is not exist today in Gambia. However, it can be possibly be implemented if policies are clearly stated and presented to the stakeholders.

關鍵字(中)

★ 甘比亞
★ RETScreen
★ 電力化
★ 可行性研究
★ 獨立型太陽光電系統

關鍵字(英)

★ Stand-alone PV system
★ Feasibility study
★ Electrification
★ RETScreen
★ Gambia.

論文目次

Table of Contents
Abstract i
Chinese Abstract ii
Acknowledgments iv
Table of Contents viii
List of Tables xi
List of Figures xii
Acronyms x
CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Research motivation 3
1.3 Thesis objective and scope of study 5
1.4 Significance of the study 5
1.5 Methodology 5
1.6 Brief description of The Gambia 7
1.7 Brief description of the study area 8
1.8 Research difficulties 9
1.9 Thesis organization 9
CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH BACKGROUND 10
2.1 Solar energy as an alternative 10
2.2 Photovoltaic technology 10
2.3 Developing world SAPV market potential 12
2.4 Literature review 14
2.4.1Electricity supply in The Gambia 14
2.4.2 Viability of SAPV in The Gambia 15
2.4.3 Design, methodology and implementation of SAPV 15
2.4.4 Challenges to PV decentralized rural electrification 17
2.5 Description of stand-alone PV system 17
2.6 Energy Sector review of The Gambia 19
2.6.1 Energy sector 19
2.6.2 Electricity sector 21
2.6.3 Rural electrification project 24
2.6.4 Renewable energy development 25
2.6.5. Mitigation options for the energy sector 26
2.7 Solar energy in The Gambia 27
2.7.1 Solar resources 27
2.7.2 Solar prospects in The Gambia 28
CHAPTER 3: SIZING AND COST ESTIMATION OF STAND-ALONE PV SYSTEM 31
3.1 Introduction to RETScreen PV project model 31
3.2 SAPV system sizing methodology framework 35
3.3 Basic theory and calculation 37
3.3.1 Load estimation 37
3.3.2 PV array sizing 37
3.3.3 Battery sizing 38
3.3.4 Sizing of charge controller 39
3.3.5 Inverter sizing 39
3.4 Solar energy potential and RETScreen simulation models 40
3.4.1 Solar energy potential 40
3.4.2 PV array model 42
3.4.3 Nominal Battery and Inverter Capacities 43
3.5 Technical and financial feasibility assessment 44
3.5.1 Description of the stand-alone residential application 44
3.5.2 PV component costs and financial parameters 45
3.6 Results and discussion 48
3.6.1 Energy production and capacity factor calculation 48
3.6.2 Financial assessment results 49
CHAPTER 4: FINANCIAL MECHANISMS 51
4.1 Review of the available financing mechanisms 51
4.2. Financing mechanisms of PV dissemination in developing countries 53
4.2.1 Cash sales 53
4.2.2 Dealer credit 53
4.2.3 Third-party credit 54
4.3 Perspectives on the barriers and solutions to PV dissemination. 55
4.4 Financing mechanisms for The Gambia 57
4.4.2 Finance for solar companies and financing the financiers (MFIs) 58
4.5 Product delivery mechanisms for The Gambia 58
4.6 Proposed rural credit-scheme for The Gambia 60
4.7 Pilot project 61
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 66
5.1 Conclusion 66
5.2 Recommendations and Future Research 69
5.2.1 Recommendations 69
5.2.2 Future research 69
REFERENCES 70
Appendix A: The trend and prevailing cost of electricity by customer group of The Gambia. 78
APPENDIX C: Price trends of various PV modules 80
APPENDIX E: Financial parameters, costs calculation and the financial viability results obtained from RETScreen simulation. 82

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指導教授

吳俊諆(Jiunn-Chi Wu)

審核日期

2012-7-5

推文