自動化溫室效應氣體分析系統之建立與應用

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姓名

吳蘭妲莉(Eka Ratri Noor Wulandari) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

化學學系

論文名稱

自動化溫室效應氣體分析系統之建立與應用
(CONSTRUCTION OF A GC SYSTEM FOR MEASURING ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE GASES – N2O, CH4, AND CO2)

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摘要(中)

由於溫室效應氣體之濃度在大氣中逐年上升，其中二氧化碳、甲烷、氧化亞氮因具有較高濃度、長生命期與在紅外光區有高吸收之緣故；因此，本實驗之目的為建立自動化搭配逆吹系統以期能快速地分析上述三者溫室效應物種，實驗中所使用之管柱為Hayesep Q與Porapak Q。火焰離子偵測器負責二氧化碳與甲烷之量測，電子捕捉偵測器則負責氧化亞氮之量測；二氧化碳則在375 ̊C之條件下，經由使用鎳觸媒之甲烷轉化氣轉化為甲烷才可被火焰離子偵測器所量測。樣品迴圈約為2毫升，進樣壓力則設定為700 torr。二氧化碳、甲烷與氧化亞氮之線性關係分別為1.000、0.9907與0.9990；偵測下限則分別為1.02 ppmv、1.07 ppmv與6.40 ppbv。三種氣體在系統的量測下, 相對標準偏差 (Relative Standard Deviation) 皆在1%以內, 表現出實驗的精確性。

摘要(英)

The so called enhanced global warming is caused by the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic activities. Of all the GHGs, CO2, CH4, and N2O are the major contributors due to their large abundance, long lifetimes, and relatively strong IR absorption abilities. In this experiment, the three GHGs in the atmosphere will be measured using gas chromatography (GC) with the packed column back-flushed method. The stationary phases used for the packed columns are Hayesep Q and Porapak Q. For CO2 and CH4 analysis flame ionization detection (FID) is used, and for N2O analysis electron capture detection (ECD) is used. CO2 was first reduced into CH4 by an in-line Ni catalyst kept at 375 ̊C before detection with FID. To perform sample injection, the pressure for the sample loop (2 mL) was set at 700 torr with a pressure gauge which allowed automatic sample filling. The linearity for CH4, CO2, and N2O, as depicted by the correlation coefficients (R2), are 0.9907, 1.000, and 0.9990, respectively. Limits detection for these three gases are 1.07 ppmv, 1.02 ppmv, 6.40 ppbv, respectively. Precision, as depicted by the standard deviation (RSD), is better than 1% for the three gases.

關鍵字(中)

★ 溫室氣體
★ 填充管柱
★ 逆吹式
★ 氣相層析

關鍵字(英)

★ back-flush
★ gas chromatography
★ packed column
★ Greenhouse gases

論文目次

ABSTRACT i
摘要 ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF TABLES viii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Greenhouse Effect 2
1.3 Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) 4
1.4 Global Warming Potential 4
1.5 Carbondioxide (CO2) 6
1.6 Methane (CH4) 7
1.7 Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 8
1.8 Research Objectives 10
CHAPTER 2 TECHNICAL REVIEW 11
2.1 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) 11
2.2 Non Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) 13
2.3 Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) 14
2.4 GC-TCD 16
2.5 GC-FID 18
2.6 GC-ECD 19
CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 23
3.1 Materials and Equipment 23
3.2 Instrumentation 23
3.3 Software 24
3.4 Valve Assembly 24
3.5 Column Sets 27
3.6 Gas Usage 29
3.7 Analysis of GHGs 29
3.8 Vacuum System 30
3.9 GC Software 31
3.10 Data Analysis 34
CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 35
4.1 Separation of CH4 and CO2 35
4.2 Methane Converter 36
4.3 Parameters Analysis for CO2 and CH4 Measurement 37
4.4 FID Detection 38
4.5 N2O Detection 40
4.6 Carrier Gas and ECD Temperature 42
4.6.1 Nitrogen (N2) as a Carrier Gas 42
4.6.2 Ar-CH4 (5%) as Carrier Gas 45
4.7 Single Injection 46
4.8 Linearity and Reproducibility 49
4.9 Limit of detection (LOD) 50
4.10 Ambient Air Measurement 51
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 54
5.1 Conclusion 54
5.2 Future Works 54
REFERENCES 56
APPENDIX 60
Chemstation (Instrument Online) 60

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指導教授

王家麟(Jia-Lin Wang)

審核日期

2012-7-16

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