Bhlhe40減緩PGC-1α在肌肉細胞中的協同
活化功能

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鍾詩盈(Shih-Ying Chung) 查詢紙本館藏

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生命科學系

論文名稱

Bhlhe40減緩PGC-1α在肌肉細胞中的協同活化功能
(Bhlhe40 compromises the coactivational function of PGC-1α in myogenic cells )

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摘要(中)

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) 是當細胞受到外在環境刺激 (如：冷) 會被大量誘導表現，且其表現的形式與調控細胞能量代謝與適應性產熱有關。在本實驗室的研究中發現Bhlhe40，這個可被retinoic acid所誘導的basic helix-loop-helix蛋白質，可以抑制MyoD活化PGC-1α promoter的能力。而細胞內調控Bhlhe40的表現量會因不同類型的細胞面對不同生理的變化過程而有所差異，包括生理節律時鐘、缺氧、細胞分化等。此外，本實驗室目前發現PGC-1α與Bhlhe40無論是在in vitro或是in vivo中都具有很強的結合能力，我們同時也發現在PPARγ活化UCP-1 promoter的調控上，Bhlhe40對於PGC-1α協同活化PPARγ具有拮抗的功能，而此拮抗的效果會因PGC-1α的表現量足夠而被恢復。除此之外，Bhlhe40需要與HDAC-corepressor 進行交互作用的domain才具有此拮抗的功能。而PGC-1α與Bhlhe40這兩個轉錄因子主要利用兩者的N端進行交互作用。我們也發現PGC-1α與Bhlhe40這兩個因子表現的形式，在運動後的老鼠肌肉中或是當細胞處於缺氧狀態下會有所不同，證明在肌肉細胞能量代謝中，由Bhlhe40抑制 PGC-1α協同活化功能具有重要的生理意義。

摘要(英)

The expression pattern and induction by cold-exposure have implicated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in the regulation of metabolism and adaptive thermogenesis. Our recent studies have found that Bhlhe40, a retinoic acid-inducible gene encoding a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein, can repress MyoD activated PGC-1α promoter. The expression of Bhlhe40 is regulated in a cell type-specific manner in various biological processes, including circadian rhythms, hypoxia, and cellular differentiation. Furthermore, our preliminary works found that PGC-1α and Bhlhe40 had strong binding affinity both in vitro and in vivo. We also found that Bhlhe40 antagonizes the coactivational effect of PGC-1α on PPARγ activated UCP-1 promoter and this antagonism can be relieved when saturation amount of PGC-1α is present. And this antagonistic effects require the HDAC-corepressor interaction domain of Bhlhe40. The interacting domains in PGC-1α and Bhlhe40 have been localized to the N-terminus of these two factors. Distinct expression patterns of these two factors were observed in muscles of exercised mice and in cells kept in hypoxia, demonstrating the physiological importance of Bhlhe40-mediated repression of PGC-1α in muscle metabolism.

關鍵字(中)

★ 能量代謝
★ 協同活化

關鍵字(英)

★ PGC-1α
★ Bhlhe40
★ myogenic cell

論文目次

目錄
中文摘要 VI
Abstract VII
誌謝 VIII
一、緒論 1
1-1 肌肉的組成 1
1-2 PGC-1α ( Peroxisome Proliferative Activated Receptor γ Coactivator 1) 2
1-3 Basic helix-loop-helix family member e40 (Bhlhe40) 6
1-4 研究動機與目的 8
二、材料與方法 10
2-1 細胞株 10
2-2 質體構築 (Cloning) 與轉型作用 (Transformation) 11
2-2-1 質體構築 11
2-2-2 插入 (Insert) DNA的純化 14
2-2-3 載體 DNA的 5’端去磷酸根反應 (C.I.P)與純化 15
2-2-4 接合反應 (Ligation) 15
2-2-5 大腸桿菌的轉型作用 (Transformation) 15
2-3 RT-PCR 15
2-3-1 Total RNA 製備： 15
2-3-2 反轉錄酶反應 (Reverse Transcriptase, RT) 16
2-3-3聚合酶連鎖反應 (Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR) 16
2-4 Real Time PCR 定量實驗 17
2-5 轉染實驗 18
2-5-1 細胞培養 18
2-5-2 轉染作用 (Transfection) 18
2-5-3 螢火蟲冷光活性方法 (Luciferase Activity Assay) 18
2-6 蛋白質標定 19
2-7 蛋白質純化 19
2-7-1 轉型作用 19
2-7-2 蛋白質表現及純化 19
2-8 GST pull down assay 20
2-9 免疫共沉澱法 (Co-immunoprecipitation) 21
2-9-1 Protein A from Staphylococcus aures製備 21
2-9-2 Protein A from Staphylococcus aures buffer置換 22
2-9-3 Co-immunoprecipitation 22
2-10 西方墨點實驗 (Western blot) 22
2-10-1 Total Protein Lysate 的製備 22
2-10-2 SDS-polyacrylamide Gel Electropheresis 23
2-10-3 Blocking 以及 Antibody 辨識 23
2-10-4 蛋白質脫附 (Striping) 24
2-11動物實驗 24
2-12 mouse Bhlhe40 抗體製備 24
2-12-1 pET-32b-mBhlhe40 (259-411a.a) 質體建構 24
2-12-2 誘導mBhlhe40 抗原蛋白表現 24
2-12-3 mBhlhe40 抗原蛋白質的純化 25
2-12-4抗原蛋白質的濃縮 26
2-12-5 利用SDS-PAGE純化抗原蛋白質 26
2-12-4 誘導宿主免疫反應 27
2-12-5 抗體純化 27
2-13 免疫染色 (Immunohistochemistry) 28
三、實驗結果 29
3-1 在細胞中，Bhlhe40 與PGC-1α是否可以進行交互作用 29
3-2 Bhlhe40對於PGC-1α協同活化Thyroid Hormone Receptor β (TRβ) 的轉錄調控 29
3-3 Bhlhe40對於PGC-1α標的基因PDK4及UCP-1 啟動子的影響 30
3-4 Bhlhe40抑制PGC-1α標的基因是否被PGC-1α dose-dependent rescue 32
3-5 在in vitro中，PPARγ、PGC-1α與Bhlhe40三者結合的情形，以及Bhlhe40 是否利用競爭的方式影響PGC-1α與PPARγ之間的親和性 32
3-6 Bhlhe40抑制PGC-1α協同活化功能是否經由recuit Histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex 影響PGC-1α標的基因轉錄活性 34
3-7 Bhlhe40不同deletion form對於抑制PGC-1α協同活化基因轉錄功能的影響，以及在in vitro中，不同deletion form 的Bhlhe40 與PGC-1α交互作用的情形 36
3-8 C2C12 myotube處於不同培養情況中，PGC-1α、Bhlhe40以及相關基因表現量 38
3-9 老鼠在長期耐力訓練後PGC-1α與Bhlhe40的表現量 38
3-9 His-tagged Bhlhe40抗原蛋白 39
3-10 兔子免疫前血漿、免疫四次後之血漿以及免疫六次後之血清測試 40
3-11 C2C12 Py vector與C2C12 Py-Bhlhe40-Flag穩定細胞株處理不同的compounds，其肌肉細胞分化情形。 41
四、討論 43
五、圖表 49
圖一、在細胞中，Bhlhe40 可與PGC-1α相互結合 49
圖二、 Bhlhe40對於PGC-1α協同活化Thyroid Hormone Receptor β (TRβ) 的轉錄調控 51
圖三、 Bhlhe40對於PGC-1α標的基因PDK4及UCP-1 啟動子的影響 53
圖四、 Bhlhe40抑制PGC-1α標的基因是否會受PGC-1α dose-dependent的影響 54
圖五、在in vitro中，PPARγ、PGC-1α與Bhlhe40三者結合的情形 56
圖六、在in vitro中，Bhlhe40 是否利用競爭結合的方式影響PGC-1α與PPARγ之間的親和性 58
圖七、 Bhlhe40利用1-135 amino acid與PGC-1α結合對於下游基因轉錄活性的影響 60
圖八、 Bhlhe40抑制PGC-1α協同活化功能是否經由recuit Histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex 影響PGC-1α標的基因轉錄活性 62
圖九、 Bhlhe40不同deletion form對於抑制PGC-1α協同活化基因轉錄功能的影響 64
圖十、在in vitro中，不同deletion form 的Bhlhe40 與PGC-1α交互作用的情形 65
圖十一、 C2C12 myotube處於Normoxia (21 % O2) 或Hypoxia (1% O2) ，以及培養液為20 % FBS DMEM或HBSS，不同情形之中PGC-1α、Bhlhe40以及相關基因表現量 66
圖十二、老鼠在長期耐力訓練後PGC-1α與Bhlhe40的表現量 68
圖十三、製作His-tagged Bhlhe40抗原蛋白 70
圖十四、兔子免疫前血漿、免疫四次後之血漿以及免疫六次後之血清測試 73
圖十五、C2C12 Py vector與C2C12 Py-Bhlhe40-Flag穩定細胞株處理不同分化劑，其肌肉細胞分化情形 75
六、參考文獻 76
附錄一 81
附錄二 86
附錄三 94
附錄四 96
附錄五 97
附錄六 98
1. Primer對照表 98
2. 縮寫與全名對照表 100
3. 溶劑與試劑配方 101

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指導教授

陳盛良(Shen-Liang Chen)

審核日期

2012-7-27

推文