結合高斯混合模型與最大期望值方法於相位編碼視覺腦波人機介面之目標偵測

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姓名

張立昂(Li-Ang Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

電機工程學系

論文名稱

結合高斯混合模型與最大期望值方法於相位編碼視覺腦波人機介面之目標偵測
(Detection of gazed target in an phase-tagged SSVEP-based BCI using the combination of Gaussian Mixture Model and EM method)

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摘要(中)

近年來，許多研究針對穩態視覺誘發電位(Stead-State Visual Evoked Potential, SSVEP)之大腦人機介面(Brain Computer Interface, BCI)系統進行設計，其中一種引人注目的系統，使用高頻率的相位編碼閃光技術，稱為相位編碼穩態視覺腦波人機介面。為了能改善相位編碼穩態視覺腦波人機介面在辨識方法上的速度與正確率，本研究提出使用高斯混合模型(Gaussian Mixture Model, GMM)與最大期望演算法(Expected-Maximization Algorithm, EM Algorithm)來達到目標。
本研究針對六名年齡介於22到27歲的受測者進行實驗。使用22Hz單一頻率配合四種相位閃光進行測試。使用者Oz得到的腦電波先經過濾波器濾波，接著依照觸發事件進行切割，再使用傅立葉轉換計算閃光頻率的振幅與相位並轉換為角度。演算法訓練過程利用高斯混合模型(GMM)與最大期望演算法(EM Algorithm)來建立最適合使用者的分類器；實際使用時，則利用柯爾莫諾夫-斯米爾諾夫檢定(Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, KS test) 進行有效資料區段選擇，如果通過檢定，則放入高斯混合模型中判斷使用者所注視的選項。本系統的實驗結果顯示，六位受測者使用本系統的正確率為92.45±4.36%，下達指令時間為1.17±0.42s秒/指令。

摘要(英)

In recent year, several research groups have proposed novel techniques to improve the performance of Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential based Brain Computer Interface (SSVEP based BCI). One SSVEP-based system, using high-frequency phase-tagged flickers, denoted as phase-tagged SSVEP-based BCI, has drawn great attention. In the present study, we utilize the combination of Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and Expected Maximization Algorithm (EM Algorithm) to improve the speed and accuracy in phase-tagged SSVEP-based BCI system.
Six subjects, aged from 22 to 27 years, were recrited in our study. Four visual flickers, flashing at 22 Hz, with phase tagged at 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, were utilized as visual stimuli to induce SSVEPs. EEG signals recorded from Oz channel were filtered and segmented into epochs. The phase and amplitude information of each epoch were computed by means of Fourier method. In the system training process, we have to use GMM and EM Algorithm to establish customized classifier for each subject. In the system practice process, effective epochs were detected using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (KS test), and only those effective epochs were subjected to the following gaze-target detections. Our results showed, the accuracies of six subjects were between the percent of 87% to 97% and the command transfer rates were between 0.68 to 1.74 second per command.

關鍵字(中)

★ 穩態視覺誘發電位
★ 高斯混合模型
★ 最大期望值法
★ 大腦人機介面

關鍵字(英)

★ BCI
★ SSVEP
★ Gaussian mixture model
★ EM algorithm

論文目次

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 大腦人機介面 5
第二章視覺誘發電位腦波生理 6
2.1 視覺誘發電位 6
2.2 圖形視覺誘發電位 8
2.3 瞬時閃光視覺誘發電位 10
2.4 穩態視覺誘發電位 11
第三章研究方法與系統架構 15
3.1 相位編碼SSVEP特徵 15
3.2 高斯混合模型 16
3.3 最大期望演算法 17
3.4 柯爾莫諾夫-斯米爾諾夫檢定 19
3.5 應用高斯混合模型與最大期望法於選項判斷 20
3.6 系統架構 29
3.7 刺激光源設計 31
3.8 傳統選項辨識方法 33
第四章實驗結果與比較 40
4.1 實驗設計 40
4.2 傳統選項判斷流程 41
4.3 結合高斯混合模型與最大期望值法判斷流程 55
4.4 實驗結果與比較 62
第五章結論與未來展望 67
參考目錄 69

參考文獻

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指導教授

李柏磊

審核日期

2012-8-6

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