相角調整裝置之無刷直流馬達驅動系統

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姓名

蔡承璿(Cheng-hsuan Tsai) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

電機工程學系

論文名稱

相角調整裝置之無刷直流馬達驅動系統
(Commutation Phase Auto Adjustment for Brushless DC Motor Drive)

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摘要(中)

本文為了補償因霍爾元件定位不精準或濾波器造成的相位延遲，將提出
一擾動法自動調整驅動相角，來達到提升無刷直流(BLDC)風扇馬達運轉效
率。不同於傳統的驅動相角自動調整裝置與無感測器之三相無刷馬達驅動
相角自動調整裝置，本篇提出的方法不需分別對不同的馬達與環境製作特
性曲線表或需有經驗的人調整其參數，就可以達到最佳效益。在單相方面
將直接使用硬體相移器調整霍爾訊號來改變換相點，驗證調整驅動相角可
達成以上效益。而在三相方面將使用軟體相移器與端電壓比較法無感測驅
動方式搭配擾動法自動調整驅動相角來達成以上效益。最後實驗驗證此簡
單的擾動法自動調整驅動相角可有效的找到最佳效率點，而對於長時間運
轉的機器可依使用者需求設定特定時間來重新搜索最佳效率點。
本文以dsPIC30F4011 為整個系統的主要核心，將相移器數位化，並使
用簡單的判斷方式，能有效的簡化電路，降低整體驅動系統的開發成本。

摘要(英)

In order to compensate improper location of hall sensor or phase delay of filter, this paper proposes the perturbation approach to adjust commutation phase automatically for improving the efficiency of brushless DC (BLDC) motor in fan application.
Different from the traditional approach needs the motor-environment characteristic or adjusts the parameters by experienced engineer, the proposed method can achieve the optimal point in commutation. For single-phase motors, we design a phase adjusting circuit to change commutation. This way is useful to improve the efficiency. On the other hand, we design digital phase compensation with sensorless terminal voltage comparison method and phase adjustment strategy by using perturbation in three-phase motor.
Finally, experiment results show the proposed method can search the optimal commutation point successfully. Besides, users can set the searching time according to the operation condition.
The micro-controller dsPIC30F4011 is used as the central control unit to implement the digital filter and algorithm, moreover, it could effectively simplify the circuit and reduce the cost of motor driver system.

關鍵字(中)

★ 永磁同步馬達
★ 無感測器
★ 相移器
★ 擾動法

關鍵字(英)

★ sensorless
★ PMSM
★ phase adjustment strategy
★ perturbation

論文目次

摘要 ........................................................................................................................ I
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... II
致謝 ..................................................................................................................... III
目錄 ..................................................................................................................... IV
圖目錄 ................................................................................................................. VI
表目錄 .............................................................................................................. VIII
第一章緒論 ......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 ..................................................................................... 1
1.2 內容大綱 ................................................................................................. 2
第二章直流無刷馬達與驅動方式介紹 ............................................................. 3
2.1 單相無刷馬達 ......................................................................................... 3
2.1.1 單相無刷馬達數學模式 .................................................................. 3
2.1.2 霍爾元件 .......................................................................................... 4
2.2 三相無刷直流馬達 ................................................................................. 5
2.2.1 三相無刷直流馬達數學模式 .......................................................... 6
2.2.2 120 度導通 ....................................................................................... 9
第三章單相有感測無刷直流馬達相位分析 ................................................... 11
3.1 前言 ....................................................................................................... 11
3.2 相位探討 ............................................................................................... 11
3.3 單相風扇馬達電路解析 ....................................................................... 14
3.4 電流與反電勢相位分析 ....................................................................... 16
3.5 單相無刷直流馬達相移器電路設計 ................................................... 22
第四章三相無感測無刷直流馬達驅動實現 ................................................... 27
4.1 前言 ....................................................................................................... 27
4.2 自動調整驅動相角文獻分析 ............................................................... 27
4.3 擾動法自動調整驅動相角 ................................................................... 31
4.4 定位與啟動 ........................................................................................... 34
4.5 閉迴路控制-端電壓相減法 .................................................................. 41
4.6 數位化相移器 ....................................................................................... 42
4.7 DSPIC30F4012 數位訊號控制器介紹 ................................................. 45
4.8 三相驅動器系統設計與規劃 ............................................................... 48
第五章實驗結果 ............................................................................................... 51
5.1 單相直流無刷馬達實驗結果 ............................................................... 51
5.2 三相直流無刷馬達實驗結果 ............................................................... 58
5.2.1 零交越點與相移器結果 ................................................................ 59
5.2.2 擾動法自動調整驅動相角實驗結果 ............................................ 61
第六章結論與展望 ........................................................................................... 67
參考文獻 ............................................................................................................. 68

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指導教授

徐國鎧(Kuo-Kai Shyu)

審核日期

2012-8-8

推文