具不同功能I/O點之分區揀貨倉庫的揀貨路徑發展與比較

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郭俊威(Chun-wei Kuo) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

具不同功能I/O點之分區揀貨倉庫的揀貨路徑發展與比較
(The Development and Comparsion of Picking Route in a Zone Picking Warehouse under Different I/O Point Functions)

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摘要(中)

近年隨著產品及消費型態日新月異，且貿易自由化、世界經濟全球化、網際網路快速發展，物流（或稱運籌Logistics）已成為全世界關注的焦點。做好物流工作提高顧客服務水準、降低營運成本，並滿足顧客的要求已成為企業強化競爭優勢的武器。一般物流中心內的主要作業大致可分為以下七大項：驗收、入庫、保管、揀貨、包裝、出貨及退貨等等。而以揀貨作業是對客戶來說最極敏感一環，同時也是最耗費作業量與人力的作業。因此，如何規劃出最佳的揀貨路徑策略，將影響揀貨作業的效率。
本研究主要探討物流中心（Distribution Center；D.C.）的揀貨問題，根據Ho and Chien（2006）的揀貨環境為藍圖，因為現今無線射頻辨識系統（Radio Frequency Identification；RFID）的廣泛運用，它具備即時資訊傳遞特性，也因此讓多功能I/O點的可行性更加提高，增加揀貨作業上的彈性。
吾人將焦點放在，探討具備RFID的多功能I/O點的新環境，與傳統單功能I/O點的原始環境，比較在不同環境的揀貨路徑策略。並經由模擬實驗得知結果有何不同，以系統總執行時間、總行走距離以及總揀貨時間等三個績效評估準則進行比較。

摘要(英)

In the recent years, due to products and the rapid consumption patterns, trade liberalization, economic globalization and with the rapid development of the internet,
logistics has become an important issue to global. The distribution center operations can be divided into the following seven items: acceptance, warehousing, storage, order picking, packing, shipping and returns. Moreover, order picking is labor intensive and high-cost activity. Therefore, how to plan the best strategy of picking path will affect the efficiency of order picking.
The focus of this study is to discuss the picking problem of distribution center （Distribution Center; DC）, we quote the picking environment in research of Ho and Chien（2006）as a blueprint and because radio frequency identification system （RFID） to extensive use and increase flexibility. So let the multi-function I/O points and more to improve the feasibility.
I will focus on a new environment with RFID about picking problems and discuss efficiency of the new and original environment of the differences. Improve of new environment with RFID including picking zone and picking routing. Through simulation results the difference of performance evaluation criteria in the total required system time to complete the picking operations, total travel distance of pickers and total picking time of pickers.

關鍵字(中)

★ 物流中心
★ 分區揀貨
★ 揀貨路徑

關鍵字(英)

★ Picking Route
★ Distribution Centre
★ Zone Picking

論文目次

目錄
圖目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的 2
1.4 研究環境 3
1.5 研究方法說明 4
1.6 論文架構 4
第二章文獻探討 7
2.1 物流 8
2.1.1 物流的定義 8
2.1.2 物流的領域 8
2.2 物流中心 9
2.3 倉庫設計問題 11
2.3.1 設施規劃 11
2.3.2 倉儲走道設計 13
2.4 揀貨作業問題 15
2.4.1 揀貨作業概念 15
2.4.2 揀貨方式 17
2.4.3 分區揀貨 19
2.4.3.1 同步分區揀貨 19
2.4.3.2 順序式分區揀貨 20
2.4.4 黃金區域 21
2.4.5 揀貨作業績效評估指標 21
2.4.6 揀貨路徑策略 22
2.4.7 旅行銷售員（Traveling Salesman Problem；TSP）問題 25
2.5 硬體相關系統 27
2.5.1 電子輔助揀貨系統 (Computer Aided Picking System；CAPS) 27
2.5.2 無線射頻辨識系統 (Radio Frequency Identification；RFID) 30
2.5 模擬退火法 35
第三章研究環境說明 36
3.1 揀貨環境 36
3.1.1 原始揀貨環境 36
3.1.2 新揀貨環境 37
3.2 研究設備 38
3.2.1 設備簡介 38
3.2.2 設備應用流程 40
第四章研究方法 42
4.1 揀貨路徑特性說明 42
4.1.1 方向性（單功能I/O點、多功能I/O點） 42
4.1.2 訂單揀貨順序策略（Fixed、Dynamic） 43
4.1.3 區域拜訪順序（In Sequence、Non In Sequence） 44
4.1.4 是否超車（Non Passing、Passing） 45
4.2 揀貨路徑策略 47
4.2.1 揀貨路徑（單功能I/O點-Fixed-In Sequence-Non Passing） 48
4.2.2 揀貨路徑（單功能I/O點-Fixed-In Sequence-Passing） 49
4.2.3 揀貨路徑（單功能I/O點-Fixed-Non In Sequence） 50
4.2.4 揀貨路徑（多功能I/O點-Fixed-Non In Sequence） 52
4.2.5 揀貨路徑（單功能I/O點-Dynamic-Non In Sequence） 54
4.2.6 揀貨路徑（多功能I/O點-Dynamic-Non In Sequence） 56
4.3 模擬退火 58
4.3.1 模擬退火簡介 58
4.3.2 模擬退火的應用 59
4.3.3 運用模擬退火法於揀貨訂單順序之選擇 61
第五章系統模擬與分析 66
5.1 前言 66
5.2 模擬實驗 66
5.2.1 實驗環境設計 66
5.2.2 總實驗訂單張數 67
5.2.3 環境假設與限制條件 70
5.2.4 實驗因子組合 71
5.3 績效評估準則 72
5.4 ANOVA 分析 73
5.4.1 分析說明 73
5.4.1.1 依『總揀貨時間』為績效評估值 74
5.4.1.2 依『總行走距離』為績效評估值 80
5.4.1.3 依『系統總執行時間』為績效評估值 85
5.5 實驗結論 92
5.5.1 主要效果項 93
5.5.2 二因子交互作用 93
第六章結論與建議 94
6.1 研究結論 94
6.2 後續研究建議 96
參考文獻 97

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指導教授

何應欽(Ying-chin Ho)

審核日期

2012-7-24

推文