後彎勞動供給曲線與經濟發展－以台灣勞動市場為例

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姓名

吳沐穎(Mu-Ying Wu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

產業經濟研究所

論文名稱

後彎勞動供給曲線與經濟發展－以台灣勞動市場為例
(Backward-Bending Labor Supply Curve and Economic Development- A Case of Taiwan Labor Market)

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摘要(中)

台灣隨著其經濟發展逐漸提高了其國民所得，同時帶來了工時的降低，但又在近年之際遭逢他國激烈的競爭，使得經濟發展開始停滯。這樣的歷程描繪了台灣不同時期中不同的勞動供給行為，本研究利用了24個年份「台灣地區人力資源暨運用調查」，估算出不同年分中的後彎勞動供給曲線轉折點與薪資彈性，以此作為比較的基礎。
　　本研究首先由拗折需求曲線模型來解釋台灣工時僵固的現象，而在實證結果中我們也發現，1999年後台灣勞動者其薪資彈性皆較之前為低，代表薪資已非決定工時供給的唯一要素，台灣面臨的國際競爭亦為重要原因之一。另一方面，位於後彎勞動供給曲線轉折點的勞動者其於2001年以後之工時與時薪的變化亦大幅減少，其與模型預測之結果相互輝映。由以上結果的印證，我們可證實台灣近年來在國際競爭的困境確實會對勞動市場產生衝擊。

摘要(英)

Taiwan has gradually increased its national income with its economic development, but in recent years Taiwan encounters fierce competition with other countries, which lower the speed of economic development itself. This history tells us that in difference periods Taiwan has the different conditions for labor supply, and we use the 24 years “Manpower Utilization Survey Statistics” to estimate the turning points of backward-bending labor supply curve and wage elasticity, and we use these results as the basis for comparison.
In the beginning, this study explains the working hour rigidity in Taiwan by kinked demand curves model. Empirical results show that the wage elasticity after 1999 of employees in Taiwan becomes smaller than before, which implies that wage is not only the factor governing the supply of working time, but the international competition that Taiwan has confronted is one of the important factors. On the other hand, the variation of working hour and hourly wage faced by those employees who situate on the turning point of the backward-bending labor supply curve has substantially decreased after 2001, and this result is similar to the predicted result by the model. From the above mentioned, we can prove that the international competition dilemma confronted by Taiwan does make impact on Taiwan’s labor market.

關鍵字(中)

★ 國際產業競爭
★ 經濟發展
★ 工時
★ 後彎勞動供給

關鍵字(英)

★ international industry competition
★ economic development
★ working hour
★ backward-bending labor supply

論文目次

摘要......................i
Abstract.................ii
誌謝.....................iii
目錄......................iv
表目錄.....................v
圖目錄....................vi
第一章緒論.......................1
　第一節研究動機與目的.............1
　第二節資料來源..................2
　第三節研究限制..................3
第二章文獻回顧....................4
第三章台灣之工時與產業競爭...........8
　第一節台灣之工時變化..............8
　第二節台灣面臨之產業競爭..........12
　第三節本章小結..................16
第四章勞動供給之理論與實證模型.......18
　第一節勞動供給理論...............18
　第二節實證模型設定...............21
　第三節樣本選擇問題...............25
　第四節模擬方式..................27
　第五節勞動供給曲線之薪資彈性估算...28
第五章實證結果分析................ 30
　第一節敘述統計..................30
　第二節實證結果..................37
　第三節台灣勞動供給曲線之變遷.......45
第六章結論與建議..................54
文獻回顧..........................56
附錄　I..........................60
附錄 II..........................65
附錄　III........................ 68

參考文獻

中文文獻與書籍(以下依姓氏筆畫排序)：
邱俊榮(2006)，「台韓經濟消長分析」，經濟部中小企業處委託研究計劃案。
徐志宏，周大森(2009)，「近期台灣景氣循環峰谷之認定」，《經濟研究》，第10期，行政院經建會。
許慈美(2004)，「都市成長與產業發展關係之研究─以台灣地區為例」，政治大學地政研究所碩士論文，未出版。
劉宇晴(2005)，「低收入戶生活扶助對台灣各縣市所得分配的影響」，國立政治大學財政學系碩士論文，未出版。
英文文獻與書籍(以下依字母順序排序)：
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Garfinkel, I. (1973), “On Estimating the Labor-Supply Effects of a Negative Income Tax.” In G. G. Cain & H. W. Watts (eds.), Income Maintenance and Labor Supply. New York: Academic Press, 205-264.
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Kalb, G.(2009), “Modelling Labour Supply Responses in Australia and New Zealand”, in I. Claus & N. Gemmell & M. Harding & D. White (eds.), Tax Reform in Open Economies: International and Country Perspectives (pp. 181-182), Edward Elgar, 2010.
Killingsworth M. R. (1983), “Labor Supply.” New York: Cambridge University Press.
Lewis, W.,A. (1954), “Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour.” The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 22(2), 139-191.
Lipton, M. (1983), “Labor and Poverty.” World Bank Staff Working Paper no. 616, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.: World Bank.
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指導教授

單驥(Gee San)

審核日期

2012-7-6

推文