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姓名	柯律廷(Lu-Ting Ko)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	電機工程學系
論文名稱	數位浮水印應用之設計及最佳化 (Design and Optimization for Digital Watermarking Applications)
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摘要(中)	在此研究中，主題在於數位影像的資訊藏匿技術之研究。此篇論文包含了三個主要部分。第一部分中，我們研究基於量化索引值調變(Quantization index modulation)之資訊藏匿技術。期間發展出一個新型巢狀結構的量化索引值調變之可逆式資訊藏匿技術。為了要能夠在解碼端重建原圖，在嵌入浮水印過程中產生的量化誤差也一併編碼進浮水印中。除此之外，巢狀結構也能夠提供更多的浮水印容量。在我們的實驗中，跟傳統的方法比較起來，雙層巢狀結構可以提供兩倍的資訊藏匿量。接著我們考慮發展更高透明度的演算法，而開發出一種基於離散分數餘弦變換(Fractional discrete cosine transform)的演算法。此項技術將原圖和藏有浮水印之原圖融合為一；在解碼端也可以用逆向演算法完全分離兩張影像。在我們的實驗中，跟傳統的方法比較起來，透明度提升了21.34%。 第二部分中，我們的目標在於基於像素值差(Pixel difference)和直方圖修正(Histogram modification)之資訊藏匿技術。由於鄰近哈爾小波(Haar wavetlet)係數的相似性，大部分鄰近係數的差值都接近於零。根據這種特性而對現今一種演算法提出改進的方式。在我們的實驗中跟先前的方法比較起來，透明度提升了27.78%，並且多藏匿了48.48% 位元的資訊。在第三部分中，恰可察覺失真度(Just noticeable distortion)模型之運算速度是研究的主題。我們研究了傳統的恰可察覺失真模型，並提出了對於計算複雜度的改善，其運算速度提高了六倍。
摘要(英)	In this research, we focus on information hiding in digital images. The dissertation consists of three major parts. In the first part, we investigate information hiding algorithm based on quantization index modulation (QIM). A novel quantization index modulation based reversible information hiding algorithm with a nest-structure has been developed. In order to reconstruct the host image in the decoder, the quantization errors caused by QIM process are normalized and coded into the watermarked image. Besides, the capacity can be increased by taking advantage of the proposed nest-structure. Compares with the conventional QIM watermarking, a two-level nested QIM watermarking can hide 2 times secret bits in our experimental results. Next, we consider achieving a higher transparency algorithm. An algorithm based on the fractional discrete cosine transform is developed. This technique merges the host image and QIM watermarked image into one, and the host image can be exactly reconstructed by using the inverse algorithm. Experiments show that the transparency of the FDCT watermarked image can be increased. Compares with the conventional QIM watermarking, the PSNR of four test watermarked image is increased by 21.34%. In the second part, we aim at information hiding by pixel difference and histogram modification. Due to the similarity of neighbor Haar wavelet coefficient’s value, most difference between pairs of adjacent coefficients are close to zero. An improvement for an existed technique based on this characteristic has been made. Compares with the previous method, the PSNR of the six test watermarked images is increased by 27.78%, and 48.48% more secret bits hidden inside. In the third part, the computation complexity of just noticeable distortion model is the topic. We studied the conventional just noticeable distortion model and make an improvement in computation speed; the speed is about 6 times faster than that of the conventional JND model.
關鍵字(中)	★ 可逆式浮水印 ★ 量化索引值調變 ★ 離散餘弦變換 ★ 離散小波變換 ★ 直方圖修正 ★ 恰可察覺失真度	關鍵字(英)	★ reversible watermarking ★ quantization index modulation ★ discrete cosine transform ★ discrete wavelet transform ★ histogram modification ★ just noticeable distortion
論文目次	摘要 I Abstract II Acknowledgements III Table of Contents IV List of Figures VII List of Tables IX Chapter I Introduction 1 1.1 Significance of the Research 1 1.2 Contributions of the Research 3 1.2.1 Information Hiding Based on Quantization Index Modulation 4 1.2.2 Information Hiding Based by Histogram Modification 5 1.2.3 Just Noticeable Distortion 6 1.3 Organization of this Dissertation 7 Chapter II Overview of Digital Watermarking 8 2.1 Information Hiding in Images 8 2.2 Applications of Digital Watermarking 11 2.2.1 Copyright Protection 11 2.2.2 Transaction Tracking 12 2.2.3 Content Authentication 13 2.2.4 Broadcast Monitoring 13 2.2.5 Usage Control 13 2.2.6 Annotation 14 2.3 Requirements of Digital Watermarking 14 2.2.1 Perceptibility 15 2.2.2 Robustness 15 2.2.3 Capacity 16 2.2.4 False Positive Rate 16 2.2.5 Reversible 17 2.2.6 Cost 17 2.2.7 Security 18 2.4 Approaches of Digital Watermarking 18 2.2.1 Reversible Information Hiding Based on Integer Transform 19 2.2.2 Reversible Information Hiding by Data Compression 19 2.2.3 Reversible Information Hiding Based on Histogram Modification 20 2.2.4 Reversible Information Hiding by Prediction of Pixel Values 21 Chapter III Information Hiding Based on Quantization Index Modulation 22 3.1 Review of Quantization Index Modulation 22 3.2 The Nested Quantization Index Modulation for Reversible Watermarking 25 3.2.1 The Algorithm of Nested Quantization Index Modulation 25 3.2.2 Experimental Results on Medical Images 29 3.3 Fractional Discrete Cosine Transform Based Reversible Watermarking 32 3.3.1 Review of Type-I Fractional Discrete Cosine Transform and Half Discrete Cosine Transform 32 3.3.2 The Fractional Discrete Cosine Transform Based Watermarking 36 3.3.3 Experimental Results on Medical Images 38 Chapter IV Information Hiding by Histogram Modification 42 4.1 Review of Reversible Watermarking Based on Multilevel Histogram Modification and Sequential Recovery 42 4.2 The Histogram Modification and Wavelet Transform for Reversible Watermarking 44 4.2.1 Review of Haar Discrete Wavelet Transform 45 4.2.2 The Algorithm of Histogram Modification and Wavelet Transform for Reversible Watermarking 47 4.2.3 Experimental results 51 Chapter V Just Noticeable Distortion 56 5.1 Review of the Full-Band Just Noticeable Distortion Model 57 5.2 Haar Wavelet Based Just Noticeable Distortion Model 58 5.2.1 The Algorithm of Haar Wavelet Based Just Noticeable Distortion Model 58 5.2.2 Modification of the DWT-based JND Model 60 Chapter VI Conclusion 65 Reference 67
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指導教授	陳竹一(Jwu-E Chen)	審核日期	2013-5-20
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