利用斜坡單元進行山崩潛感分析

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張碩芬(Shuo-Fen Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

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應用地質研究所

論文名稱

利用斜坡單元進行山崩潛感分析
(Using Slope-Unit for Landslide Susceptibility Assessment)

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摘要(中)

本研究利用斜坡單元當作基本測繪單元進行山崩潛感分析與製圖。斜坡單元的劃分具有地形上的考量，但以往應用在山崩潛感分析的斜坡單元劃設多使用集水區重疊法劃設，進一步的編修及合併等工作通常須以人工為之，相當耗費時間，且有較多人為主觀因素在內。本研究沿用簡瑋延（2011）所使用的物件導向式分析方法，自動化產製出斜坡單元，進一步的修改劃分流程並以統計方法檢核斜坡單元的劃分優劣。研究中將石門水庫上游集水區先進行地形分類，將沖積層、台地及階地等平坦區域先區分出來，再以子集水區為斜坡單元劃設前的限制範圍，最後以坡向為主要影像圖層匯入物件導向分析軟體Definiens之中，給定圖層權重及各項異質性指標進行影像分割，劃分斜坡單元。統計檢定則進行斜坡單元內部坡向及法向量的標準差計算，以研究區內兩個子集水區進行討論比較，結果顯示以本研究方法劃分斜坡單元得到較好的劃分成果。
接著利用斜坡單元進行山崩潛感分析，採用高程標準差、邊坡坡度比、濕度指數、坡度粗糙度、艾利颱風最大時雨量與總雨量進行羅吉斯迴歸。由於分析時斜坡單元屬於山崩或是非山崩群組的判定方式並無定論，本研究將採用不同崩壞比門檻值來判定山崩與非山崩組，找出最佳的山崩與非山崩組判定之崩壞比門檻值。分析結果顯示崩壞比門檻值定義為斜坡單元中山崩面積比為5%時得到的AUC為0.786是最高。

摘要(英)

This study uses slope unit as mapping unit for landslide susceptibility assessment. The delineation of slope unit must consider topographic meaning. In the past, most of slope units applied to landslide susceptibility assessment were delineated by combining the watershed by DEM and the watershed by reverse DEM. Further editing and merging work is usually required and it needs much manual work. The process is times consuming, and containing too much subjective comment. This study follows Chien(2011) using an object-oriented analysis method to automatically generate slope unit. I have modified the processes of slope unit delineation and checked the slope unit quality by statistical methods. In the study area, Shihmen Reservoir catchment area, we first classified the flat area, and using sub-catchment for the former limits. Finally, I use slope aspect as an important component in the object-oriented analysis software, Definiens. According to the weight and the heterogeneity index of image layer, slope units are delineated. Then we calculated standard deviation of slope aspects and normal vectors in each slope unit. I choose two of sub-catchment in the study area for comparison and discussion. The result shows that the delineation methods of our study can get a better result.
Then we use the slope unit for landslide susceptibility assessment. Standard deviation of elevation, steep slope ratio, wetness index, slope roughness, the maximum rainfall intensity, and total rainfall of Aere typhoon were adopted in a logistic regression analysis. Because slope units belonging to landslide group or non-landslide group had no conclusive judgment previously, so I will choose different landslide area ratio of slope unit to determine the slope units belong to which group. It reveals that a 5% landslide area ratio of slope unit is good for the threshold. The result shows success rate of the model is fairly good with an AUC of 0.786.

關鍵字(中)

★ 斜坡單元
★ 物件導向
★ 山崩潛感分析

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目 VII
表目 XI
第一章緒論 1
1.1研究動機與目的 1
1.2文獻回顧 1
1.2.1測繪單元 1
1.2.2斜坡單元定義 3
1.2.3斜坡單元分割方法 4
1.2.4斜坡單元尺度 8
1.2.5斜坡單元在山崩潛感分析上之應用 10
1.3研究架構與流程 12
第二章研究方法 16
2.1斜坡單元劃分-物件導向式影像分類方法 16
2.2山崩潛感分析 19
2.2.1羅吉斯迴歸 19
2.3.2成果驗證方法 23
第三章研究區域概述及資料蒐集 27
3.1地形概述 27
3.2地層及斷層概述 27
3.3資料蒐集 34
3.3.1數值地形模型 34
3.3.2山崩目錄 35
3.3.3雨量資料 36
第四章斜坡單元分析 39
4.1斜坡單元劃設資料處理 39
4.2斜坡單元劃分過程 45
4.2.1地形分類 45
4.2.2子集水區劃分 46
4.2.3斜坡單元劃分 48
4.2.4斜坡單元編修原則 52
4.3其他方法斜坡單元劃分 54
4.3.1集水區重疊法 54
4.3.2源頭切割法 54
第五章山崩潛感分析 57
5.1因子處理 57
5.2因子篩選 66
5.3分析樣本選取 75
5.3.1斜坡單元內山崩崩壞比門檻值選擇 76
5.3.2非山崩樣本選取 77
5.3.3分析結果 77
5.3.4成果驗證 85
第六章討論 88
6.1不同方法產製斜坡單元統計結果比較 88
6.2不同方法產製之斜坡單元進行山崩潛感分析結果比較 108
6.3不同崩壞比門檻值定義山崩及非山崩組山崩潛感分析結果比較 111
第七章結論與建議 113
7.1結論 113
7.2建議 114
參考文獻 115

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指導教授

李錫堤

審核日期

2013-7-29

推文