個人靈性與人生滿意度-探討人格特質之中介

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：45

、訪客IP：3.141.25.214

姓名

王素秋(Su-chiu Wang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

企業管理學系在職專班

論文名稱

個人靈性與人生滿意度-探討人格特質之中介
(Individual Spirituality and Life Satisfaction-Mediation by Personality)

相關論文

★ 創造力與創業精神-探索創業動機與創業環境之調節	★ 工作壓力源、人格特質與工作滿意度之關係—以在職進修者為例
★ Shopping Motivation on Purchase intention: Can Loyalty Program and Corporate Image Enhance Such Relationship?	★ 企業社會責任對求職者應徵意圖之影響：以組織人才吸引力與企業聲望為中介
★ 人力資源彈性策略和組織創新相關性之研究：論適應型文化調節適應能力及知識整合之中介效果	★ 購買動機與便利商店集點行為之研究
★ 五大與九型人格對工作績效、組織公民行為及工作滿意度的影響	★ 體育賽事觀賽體驗與球隊吉祥物品牌個性對職業球隊品牌權益之關聯－以MLB為例
★ 學習成效、組織承諾對留職意願之影響：	★ 消費者特徵與購物意願：探討網站與商品特性之中介
★ 資訊來源之信任與品質對於購買傾向之影響	★ 享樂購物動機與衝動購買：探討購後後悔之影響與因應行為
★ 產品包裝設計與化妝品之購買意圖：探討生活型態與消費者認知之中介	★ 信任與價值觀一致性對轉型領導與適應性績效關係之中介
★ 品牌信任受價值知覺與服務品質之影響：以旅館顧客滿意度為中介	★ 組織承諾、組織公民行為與適應性績效關係之研究

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

本研究探討個人靈性、人格特質與人生滿意度之間的關係，並以人格特質做為中介變項是否對個人靈性與人生滿意度的影響有中介效果，自變項為個人靈性有四個子構面分別為自我覺察、靈性信念的重要性、靈性實踐與靈性需求，五大人格特質分別為外向型、親和型、認真勤勉負責型、情緒穩定型與開放原創型，依變項為人生滿意度。
研究樣本以企業組織與宗教組織（基督教與佛教）為對象，探討組織之間有無宗教信仰其個人靈性、人格特質與人生滿意度的差異性及管理上的意涵，以發放問卷方式自我評量，有效樣本共297份。
研究結果發現個人靈性與子構面（自我覺察、靈性信念的重要性、靈性實踐與靈性需求）、五大人格特質（外向型、親和型、認真勤勉負責型、情緒穩定型與開放原創型）與人生滿意度皆有正向關係，五大人格特質中的情緒穩定型確實為中介變項，表示「個人靈性」會先影響人格特質的「情緒穩定」，進而影響「人生滿意度」，亦即個人靈性會先透過提升人格特質的情緒穩定，進而在提升人生滿意度。本研究結果證明靈性是與生俱有，每個人也都具有五大人格特質只是每個面向程度不一，靈性與宗教互有重疊部份，靈性與正向的情緒均有助於人生滿意度，企業組織應尊重個人不同信仰給予宗教或靈性相關課程教育訓練，透過組織成員情緒的穩定，期盼提高人生滿意度。

摘要(英)

This study is to explore the correlations among individual spirituality, personality traits, life satisfaction. Besides, to see if there’s a mediating effect by Big Five Model between individual spirituality and life satisfaction. Independent variable for spirituality including four subscales which are self-awareness, the importance of spiritual beliefs, spiritual practices and spiritual needs, Big Five Factors Model including five personality traits which are Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional stableness and Openness to experience. Dependent variable for life satisfaction.
All participants come from three groups (employees, Buddhists and Christians) in this study to explore the differences and implications in management among groups. Effective sample total 297 received by self-evaluation questionnaire.
The consequence in this study found that spirituality and its subscales (self-awareness, the importance of spiritual beliefs, spiritual practices and spiritual needs), five personality traits (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stableness and Openness to experience) all have positive correlations with life satisfaction, spirituality and its subscales have positive correlations with five personality traits as well. Emotional stableness among Big Five Factors Model definitely mediate the correlations between spirituality and life satisfaction, that means spirituality will go through emotional stableness then upgrade life satisfaction. This evidence shows that people have intrinsic spirituality and five personality traits with different degrees, spirituality and religion are overlapping, spirituality and positive emotion will interact life satisfaction, based on above reasons, business organization should respect individual beliefs as well as relevant religious or spiritual training will be given to employees. By this way, all team members will strengthen their emotional stableness which leads to help individual life satisfaction.

關鍵字(中)

★ 企業組織
★ 宗教組織
★ 個人靈性
★ 人格特質
★ 人生滿意度

關鍵字(英)

★ business organization
★ religious organization
★ individual spirituality
★ personality traits
★ life satisfaction

論文目次

摘要 i
AbstractAbstractAbstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viiiviii
第一章緒論 1
1-1 研究背景與動機 1
1-2 研究目的與問題 3
第二章文獻探討 4
2-1 宗教組織與企業 4
2-2 個人靈性 5
2-3 人格特質 14
2-4 人生滿意度 16
2-5 人格特質與生滿意度 18
2-6 靈性、宗教與人生滿意度 19
2-7 靈性、宗教與人格特質 20
第三章研究方法 22
3-1 研究架構 22
3-2 研究樣本 22
3-3 研究工具 23
第四章研究結果分析 26
4-1 基本資料與現況 26
4-2 人格特質、個靈性與生滿意度之相關分析 28
4-3 不同組織在人格特質、個靈性生滿意度之差異 37
4-4 人格特質之多元中介效果檢驗 41
第五章結論與建議 47
5-1 結論 47
5-2 管理意涵 50
5-3 研究限制與後續建議 55
參考文獻 57
中文部份 57
英文部份 58
附錄：研究問卷 70

參考文獻

中文部份
陳惠馨（2013）。宗教團體與法律:非營利組織觀點。巨流圖書公司
宗教團體法草案。中華民國86年3月19日財政部台財稅第861886141號函發布
吳欣展（2006）。五大人格特質對於員工工作態度及員工倫理行為影響之研究-以證券營業員為例。銘傳大學國際企業學系，碩士論文。
劉仲矩（1999）。企業組織靈性管理之初探。國立台灣大學商學研究所，博士論文。
陳維岳（2004）。工作特性、工作滿意與組織承諾之關聯性研究。國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所，碩士論文。
許清瑜 (2010)。企業領導者的靈性修練對永續發展影響之初探。國立台北科技大學環境工程與管理研究所，碩士論文。
陳嘉尚（1985）。人格特質型態、成長需求、角色壓力及工作壓力、工作滿足、離職意願之相關研究。中原大學企業管理研究所，碩士論文。
杜明勳（2003）。談靈性。護理雜誌，50，81-85
黃暐茹（2011）。靈性教育方案對高齡者靈性健康影響之研究。國立臺灣師範大學社會教育研究所，碩士論文。
杜強國、林芳生（2009）。靈性健康與職場靈性之探索性研究-以C公司為例。全球商業經營管理學報，1，35-50。
王德順（2011)。企業管理概要。臺北：五南出版社。
陳金燕（2003）。自我覺察在諮商專業中之意涵：兼論自我覺察督導模式。應用心理研究，18，59-87。
鄭金謀、彭少華（2010）。大專學生心靈健康之個案研究及其在聖經上之意涵。輔英科技大學人文教育中心。
易之新、胡茵夢譯（2003）。超越自我之道：超個人心理學的大趨勢。心靈工坊出版。
英文部份
Allport G. W. (1947). The psychology of participation. The psychological review, 54, 142-158
Bailey, T., Eng, W., Frisch, M., & Snyder, C. R. (2007). Hope and optimism as related to life satisfaction. Journal of Positive Psychology, 2, 168-169.
Amrai, K., Farahani, A., Ebrahimi, M., & Bagherian, V. (2011). Relationship between personality traits and spiritual intelligence among university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 609-612.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
Barrick M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance. Personality Psychology, 44, 1-26
Barry A. Kosmin & Ariela Keysar (2008). American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS). Public Values, 1, 3-5
Batson, C. D., Schoenrade, P., & Ventis, W. L. (1993). Religion and the individual: A social-psychological perspective. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Bergin, J. & Westwood, R. (2003). The Necessities of Violence. Culture and Organization, 9, 211-223.
Becker, D. M. (2001). Integrating behavioral and social sciences with public health. In N. Schneiderman, M. A. Speers, J. M. Silvia, H. Tomes & J. H. Gentry (Eds.), Public Health and Religion (pp. 351-368). Washington, D.C. American Psychological Association.
Beshlideh, K., Charkhabi, M, Kalkhoran, M. A. N., & Marashi, S. A. (2011). Relationship between personality traits and spiritual intelligence in male students of Shahid Chamran University at Ahvaz. Retrieved on April 13, 2012 from http://iranpa.org/Portal/default.aspx?tabid=406&ArticleId=338
Boyce, C., Wood, A., & Brown, G. (2010). The dark side of conscientiousness: Conscientious people experience greater drops in life satisfaction following unemployment. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 535-539.
Brandt, E. (1996). Workplace trends: Corporate pioneers explore spirituality. HR Magazine, 41(4), 82-87.
Buetell, N. (2006). Life satisfaction, a Sloan Work and Family Encyclopedia entry. Retrieved May 10, 2007, from the Sloan Work and Family Research Network website: http://wfnetwork.bc.edu/encyclopedia_entry.php?id=3283&area=academics
Carson, V. B. (1989). Spirituality and nursing process. In V. B. Carson & H. G. Koenig (Eds.), Spiritual dimensions of nursing practice (pp. 151-179). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders.
Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. (2001). Optimism, pessimism, and positive and negative affectivity in middle-aged adults: a test of a cognitive-affective model of psychological adjustment. Psychology and Aging, 16, 524-531.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1985). The NEO PI personality inventory Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Costa, P. T. Jr., & McCrae, R. R., (1992). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 653-665.
Coyle, J. (2002). Spirituality and health: toward a framework for exploring the relationship between spirituality and health. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 37, 589-597.
David O. Moberg (2001). Aging and spirituality: Spiritual Dimensions of Aging Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy.
DeNeve, K. M., & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta- analysis of personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 197-229.
Diana Eck (2001). A new religious America ISBN:9780060621599
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness, and proposal for national index. American Psychologist, 55, 34-43.
Diener, E. D., Scollon, C., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). The evolving concept of subjective well-being: The multifaceted nature of happiness. Advances in Cell Aging and Gerontology, 15, 187-219.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276-302.
Digman, J. M. & Takemoto-Chock, N.K. (1981). Factor in the nature language of personality. Reanalysis, comparison, and interpretation of six major studies. Multivariate Behavioral research, 16, 149-170
Dinner, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
Dittes, J. E. (1996). Driven by hope: Men and meaning. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press.
Duchon, D., & Plowman, D. A. (2005). Nurturing the spirit at work: Impact on work unit performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 16, 807-833.
Elizabeth, R., Altmaier, E. M., Chen, J., Found, E. M., & Keffala, V. J. (2005). The relationship between religion/spirituality and physical health, mental health, and pain in a chronic pain population. Pain, 116, 311-321.
Elizabeth J. Tisdell (2008). Spirituality and adult learning: Article first published online:DOI:10.1002/ace.303
Ellison, C. G., Gay, D. A., & Glass, T. A. (1989). Does religious commitment contribute to individual life satisfaction? Social Forces, 68, 100-123.
Emmons, R. A. (2003). The Psychology of Ultimate Concerns: Motivation and Spirituality in Personality. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Eric H. Erikson (1902). Psychological Developmental Theory.
Fairholm, G. W. (1997). Capturing the heart of leadership: Spirituality and community in the new American workplace. Westport, CT:Praeger.
Fisher, J. W., Francis, L. J., & Johnson, P. (2000). Assessing spiritual health via four domains of spiritual well-being: The SH4DI. Pastoral Psychology, 49, 133-145.
Found, E. M. & Keffala, V. J. (2005). The relationship between religion/spirituality and physical health, mental health, and pain in a chronic pain population. Pain, Vol: 116, Issue: 3, 311-321.
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 693-727.
Francis,L.J. (1992). Religion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. In J. F. Schumaker (Ed.), Religion and mental health (pp. 149-160). New York:Oxford UniversityPress.
Gartner, J., Larson, D.B. & Allen, G.D. (1991). Religious commitment and mental health: A review of the empirical literature. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 19, 6-25.
George, A. (1984). Understanding Eastern Christianity. Call Number. BX 2350.2 G353
Goldberg, L. R., (1990). An alternative description of personality：The big five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,59, 653-665.
Goldberg, L. R., (1993). The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologyist, 48, 26-34.
Goldberg, L. R., (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. In.I. Mervielde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt, & F. Ostendorf (Eds.), Personality Psychology in Europe Vol. 7. (pp. 7-28).Tilburg, The Netherlands: Tilburg University Press.
Hayes, N., & Joseph, S. (2002). Big 5 correlate of three measures of subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 723-727.
Hills, P., Francis, L. J., Argyle, M., & Jackson, C. J. (2004). Primary personality trait correlates of religious practice and orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 61-73.
Horgan, R. (1987). Personality psychology: Back to basics. In J. Aronoff, A.I. Rabin, & R.A. Zucker (Eds.), The emergence of personality (pp. 79-104). New York, NY: Springer.
Hossein, Z., Ahmad, P)., & Elham, S. (2012). Predictors of students spiritual intelligence by their personality characteristics. Journal of research in Behavioral Science, 10, 59-68.
Howard, S. (2002). A spiritual perspective on learning in the workplace. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17, 230-242.
John, O. P. (1990). The Big-Five taxonomy: Dimensions of personality in the natural language and in questionnaires. In, L. Pervin, (Ed.), Handbook of personality theory and research (pp. 66-100). New York, NY: Guilford.
Jovanovic, V. (2010). Personality and subjective well-being: One neglected model of personality and two forgotten aspects of subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 1-5.
Joyce Travelbee (1971). Human-to-Human Relationship Model of Nursing. Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing. Publisher: F.A. Davis Co.
Kinjerski, V. M., & Skrypnek, B. J. (2004). Defining spirit at work: Finding common ground. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17, 26-42.
Koenig, H. G., Hays, J. C., George, L. K., Blazer, D. G., Larson, D. B., & Landerman, L. R. (1997). Modeling the cross-sectional relationships between religion, physical health, social support, and depressive symptoms. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 5, 131–44.
Lane, D. A. (2000). Death, the self, memory and hope. R.J. wicks (ED), Handbook of Spirituality for Ministers, (pp. 86-104). New York: Paulist Press.
Lim, C., & Putnam, R. D. (2010). Religion, Social Networks, and Subjective Well-Being. American Sociological Review, 75, 914-933.
Lips-Wiersma, M. (2002). The influence of spiritual meaning-making on career behavior. Journal of Management Development, 21, 497-520.
Lodi-Smith J., & Roberts B. W. (2007). Social investment and personality: A meta- analysis of the relationship of personality traits to investment in work, family, religion, and volunteerism. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11, 68- 86.
Martsolft, D. S. (1997). Culture aspects of spirituality in cancer care. Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 13, 36-41.
Matheis, E. N., Tulsky, D. S., & Matheis, R. J. (2006). The relation between spirituality and quality of life among individuals with spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 51, 265-271.
Masters, G. (2004). Conceptualizing and researching student well-being. Paper presented in Conference on Support student well-being. 24-26 October 2004. Australia, Retrieved on March 12, 2012 from http://www.acer.edu.au/documents/RC2004_Proceedings_001.pdf
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1991). Conceptions and correlates of openness to experience. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of Personality Psychology (pp. 826-847). San Diego, CA: Academic.
McCullough, M. E., Tsang, J., & Brion, S. (2010). Personality traits in adolescence as predictors of religiousness in early adulthood: Findings from the Terman Longitudinal Study. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 980-991.
McCullough, M. E, & Willoughby, B. L. B. (2009). Religion, self–regulation, and self–control: Associations, Explanations, and Implications. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 69–93.
McDowell, I. (2010). Measures of self-perceived well-being. Journal of Psychology Research, 69, 69-79.
McFadden, S. H., & Kozberg, C. (2008). Religious and spiritual supports for late-life meaning. In S.H. McFadden & C. Kozberg (Eds.), Religion, spirituality, and meaning in later life (Entire issue). Generations, 32, 6-11.
Mitroff, I. & Denton, E. (1999). A study of spirituality in the workplace. Sloan Management Review, 40, 83-92.
Neal, J., Lichtenstein, B.M.B., & Banner, D. (1999). Spiritual perspectives on individual, organizational and societal transformation, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12, 175-185.
Newman, J. & Pargament, K. (1990). The role of religion in the problem solving process. Review of Religious Research, 31, 390-404.
Noble, K. D. (2000). Spiritual intelligence: A new frame of mind. Advanced Development Journal, 9, 1-29.
Ozer, M. A. (2000). Study on the life satisfaction of elderly individuals living in family environment and nursing homes. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 7, 33-36.
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Psychological Assessment, 5, 164-172.
Pesut, B. (2002) The development of nursing students’ spirituality and spiritual care-giving. Nurse Education Today, 22, 128-135.
Pfeffer, J. (2003). Business and the spirit: Management practices that sustain values. In R. A. Giacalone, & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance (pp. 29-45). Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.
R. N. Parsian, (2009). Spirituality and coping in young adults with diabetes: a cross-sectional study DOI:10.1002/edn.144 Gilovich, T., & Eibach, R. (2001). The fundamental attribution error where it really counts. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 23-26.
Sage Bennet (2007). Wisdom Walk: Nine practices for Creating Peace and Balance from the World’s Spiritual Traditions. ISBN:577315820
Saroglou V. (2002). Religion and the five factors of personality: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 15-25.
Schmit, M. J., Kihm, J. A., & Chet, R. (2000). Development of a global measure of personality. Personnel Psychology, 53, 153-193
Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological methodology, 13, 290-312.
Stephan, Y. (2009). Openness to experience and active older adults’ life satisfaction a trait and facet-level analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 637-641.
Tanyi, R. A. (2002). Towards clarification of the meaning of spirituality. Advanced Nursing, 39, 500-509.
Tuck, I., Wallace, D., & Pullen, L. (2001). Spirituality and Spiritual Care Provided by Parish Nurses. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 23, 441-453.

Ulrich Schimmack (2003). Personality and life satisfaction: A facet level analysis. Department of Psychology, UTM, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6 Canada.
Vaughan, F. (2003). What is Spiritual Intelligence? Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Vol 42, No. 2. Spring 2002, 16-33.
Viktor E. Frankl (2006). Man’s search for meaning. Publisher: Beacon Press (MA).
Vittesera, J. (2001). Personality traits and subjective well-being. Emotional stability, not extraversion, is probably the most important predictor. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 903-914.
Waller, N.G. (1987). Is it time for clinical psychology to embrace the Five-Factor Model of personality? American Psychologist, 42, 887-889.
Watson, D. & Clark, L. A. (1997). Extraversion and its positive emotional core. In R. Horgan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs, (Eds.), Handbook of Personality Psychology (pp 767-793). New York, NY: Academic Press.
West, W. (2004). Spiritual issues in therapy: Relating experience to practice. Palgrave Macmillan:Basingstoke.
Wiggins, J. S. (1996). The Five-Factor model of personality. New York, NY: Guilford.
Wismeijer, A., & Van Asssen, M. (2008). Do neuroticism and extraversion explain the negative association between self-concealment and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 345-349.
Yu, Z., (1989), Personality. Taipei：Sanmin Publishing Co., Ltd. (In Chinese) Glossary Source.
Zaki, M. A. (2006). Validation of multidimensional satisfaction with life scale of student. Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology, 13, 49-78.

指導教授

杜秉叡(Ben-roy Do)

審核日期

2013-8-26

推文