| dc.description.abstract | Abstract
This thesis aims to study the Meixian Hakka of Bangkok, Thailand, and to discuss the Meixian immigrants’ different language performance in terms of sounds and words after they migrate to Bangkok, Thailand, a background isolated from their native land for a long time. In addition to Meixian Hakka, there are also some branches of Hakka from other towns such as Fengshun, Xingning, and Dapu in Bangkok, Thailand. These Hakkas are exposed to and have influence on each other in Bangkok, Thailand. Also, there is also the Teochiew dialect which came to Bangkok even earlier (in the seventeenth century). All of the immigrants, no matter what mother tongue they speak, share the language of Thai. Many interesting changes are created after these languages are frequently exposed to one another.
This thesis is divided into six chapters. Chapter One, the introduction, is to specify the study motive, object, method, procedure, related documents, as well as the general introduction to the geographical location of the surveyed dialects. Chapter Two is a description of the phonetic system of the sound, rhyme, and tone of the Meixian Hakka, Bangkok, which is concluded from the corpus of field trips. Chapter Three is a comparison between the Meixian Hakka, Bangkok, and the middle Chinese to discuss the sound evolvement and development of the Meixian Hakka. As far as this point is concerned, there is little difference from the sound performance of the native land. Chapter Four is to sum up the sound features of the Meixian Hakka. What’s worth mentioning is the localization of labiodental initial consonants. Many Hakkas in the native land of China and the Sixian Hakka in Taiwan still preserve the labial sounds, which do not exist in Bangkok, Thailand. Chapter Five is a comparison and analysis of lexicons between the Meixian Hakka in Bangkok, the Meixian Hakka in Mainland China, and the Sixian Hakka in Taiwan. Due to the different living environments, in Bangkok there have been many new lexicons which are not included in the Hakkas of the native town and Sixian. And some inflections have changed, such as re shui quan (wen quan), tian he xi jia (xia da yu), hua xue dai (su jiao dai), xia bao (pi bao), and jiu huang zhai (chong yang jie). In addition, Thailand is a nation with vast territory and many nationalities. Many languages are frequently used and exposed to each other, they have changed based on their systems. Among them, the lexicons of the Meixian Hakka in Bangkok change a lot. The loanwords after being exposed to other languages feature combined words. Some come from the combination of Hakka and Thai. For example, they call xia jiang (shrimp sauce) “蝦醬□□ha11 tsio55 kap21 pit5” (“kap21 pit5” means xia jiang in Thai.) The Meixian Hakka call xiao ba jiao (small plantain) “□□蕉na33 wa33 tsiau33” (In Thai, bananas and plantains are both called kue31. In Thai, small plantains are called kue31 na33 wa33.) Ji tang (chicken soup) comes from both Hakka and English (“ji tang sun55”, sun55 comes from the English word, soup.) Some are loanwords which borrow some part, the Meixian Hakka in Bangkok call yi yuan (one dollar) “一□it21 pat21” (pat21 means the money unit in Thai),such as bai lao ye (bai shen, from Teochew), ma ti (bi ji, from Cantonese), jia po (po po, from the Fengshun Hakka of Bangkok), shen tong (ji tong, from the Fengshun Hakka, Bangkok). Some loanwords borrow the original words completely, such as luo shen (qi ji, from the Fengshun Hakka, Bangkok), suan la xia rou tang (Thai calls it “tu53 iam11 ku53”. Xia rou is called ku53 in Thai.), suan la ji rou tang (Thai calls it “tu53 iam11 kai11.” Ji rou is called ku53 in Thai.) Because the hot weather and the changes of living surroundings, the lexicons of the Meixian Hakka are gradually lost and added (changed). The changes in lexicons are even more than the sounds. For example, the lexicons such as tai feng (typhoon), di zhen (earthquake), dong zuo shou ge (winter harvest) disappear as a result of the environmental changes. In addition, the environmental changes also cause some new lexicons to be added to the languages such as xia jiang (shrimp sauce), yu jiang (fish sauce), and ye jiang (coconut cream). Chapter Six is the conclusion to sum up that due to many different languages in Bangkok and their mutual influence, the sounds of the Meixian Hakka do not change a lot, but it does become various in terms of lexicons.
Keyword：Meixian Bangkok, Meixian Hakka, language contact, loanword, vocabulary comparison
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