| dc.description.abstract | The dialect point studied in this paper is located in the eastcentral of Guangxi Province, LaiBin city in JinXiu Yao Autonomous Region. JinXiu Yao Autonomous Region is a multi-ethnic gathering district, and it is next to LiuZhou city and GuiLin, where we also studied the dialect points in our field investigation. Various nationalities, such as Han, Yao, Zhuang and Miao, all reside in JinXiu Yao Autonomous Region.
Hakka dialect in GuangXi is gradually formed through the migration of Hakka pioneers. Due to the special geographical location and historical reasons, GuangXi becomes a multicultural environment. As many different languages mingle together, it makes Hakka in this district unique from Hakka in any other districts.
The study focuses on the tones of Hakka in JinXiu Yao Autonomous Region. Through field investigation, I collected local voice and lexical corpus, and thus reorganized the Hakka voice system and the evolvement of voices in JinXiu Yao Autonomous Region. Then, to observe the lexical changes of Hakka in JinXiu Yao Autonomous Region, I analyzed the similarities and differences of Hakka dialects between JinXiu Yao and Meixianqu District, Southwestern Mandarin, and Cantonese.
There are six chapters in this study. The first chapter is introduction. It illustrates the motive and purpose of choosing the dialect in as study subject, method of study and steps. The second chapter is the system of Hakka. It illustrates JinXiu Yao Hakka ’s voice, rhyme, tone system, and features of tone sandhi and Literary and colloquial readings. The third chapter is the comparison of JinXiu Yao Autonomous Region Hakka and middle age tone. It puts the JinXiu Yao Hakka into the history of phonology. The fourth chapter is the special features of JinXiu Yao Hakka. It is also a review of the first three chapters. It reviews initials, finals and tones in order to discuss the JinXiu Yao Hakka’s language situation and change mechanism. The fifth chapter is the discussion of JinXiu Yao Hakka vocabulary. It compares with other dialect points including Hakka in Sha-Pu, Gong-Cheng, Qing-Shan, Xiao Ping-Yang, Mandarin in Lin-Qui, Luo-Rong, and Cantonese in Yangxi Tangkou and Xian-Cheng. Through comparison with surrounded dialect and underlying language’s vocabulary at the same time in different places, I reviewed Hakka’s special vocabulary. The sixth chapter is the conclusion of the study. It concludes the phonology features and lexical features of JinXiu Yao Hakka. It also reviews the shortage of this research and proposes the suggestions and directions for future JinXiu Yao Hakka research.
According to the research results, the Hakka dialects in JinXiu Yao not only have preserved the ancient voices but also have innovative changes. (1)For some part of words from Fei group and zhi group keep the ancient tradition for stress on lip sound, and sounds from top of tongue. (2) Nowadays the second level of Zhi group, Jing group and Zhuang group to be combined together to pronounce“ -、-、-”sound. (3) There are differences for the words between Ni and Lai initial groups, both of them will not be confused with each other and read as“-、-”。(4) Some words from the Jih group retain nasal pronunciation. (5) The finals in the first and third level of Zhen classifier opening mouth with the form of closing mouth sounds. (6) The words from Hsiao、Jia initial groups pronounce with the sound “-、-、-、k- and k-”. (7) A small part words of voiced dental fricative“ - ”have been changed to“ -” sound. (8) The pronunciation of the Yi initial is more diverse. (9) There is a complete preservation as to tail consonant of auxiliary sound“-m、-n、-,-p、-t、-k”. Finals include : (1) Correspondence of level I and level II o：a vowels. (2) The first level of Xiao classifier and the first and the second level of Yau classifier belongs to Hao、 Yao . (3) Opening phenomena for round-mouth characters. (4) Syllabication nasal sound“”in Fei group . (5) The finals in the first and third level of Zhen classifier opening mouth with the form of closing mouth sounds pronounce as “-un” or “-iun”. The tone part includes tone evolvement phenomena of secondary voiced sound.
Comparing JinXiu Yao Hakka with other dialects, we find out that due to the influences of different language interaction, some vocabulary of the JinXiu Yao Hakka dialect still retain the Hakka dialect, but some borrow it from others, and have the underlying vocabulary of minority languages.
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