| dc.description.abstract | Because of the differences in geography and linguistic power, the Hakka people of Zhangzhou had already been deeply influenced by the Minnan language when they were in their native land, and after they moved to Taiwan, Minnan was still the dominant language. Moreover, most of the Hakka people of Zhangzhou lived in clusters with the Minnan people of Zhangzhou, which formed an island of dialects surrounded by the Minnan language, and they were influenced by Minnan language even more profoundly and more rapidly.Observing the current Zhaoan Hakka language in Taiwan, some of the vocabulary is even different from that recorded by scholars earlier, and there are even more such words in the spoken language of daily life, which shows the speed of change. Therefore, this paper focuses on the loanwords that have arisen from the contact between the Zhaoan Hakka language and the Minnan language. Through the observation and categorization of vocabulary, it is possible to understand the relationship between vocabulary changes in the Zhaoan Hakka dialect and the contact with Minnan language, and to document the current appearance of the rapidly changing Zhaoan Hakka language.
This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is an introduction, which explains the motivation, purpose, target, scope and methodology of the study, reviews the historical origins of Zhaoan Hakka, and discusses the literature on language contact and interdialect language contact; Chapter 2 introduces the phonological system of Lunbei Zhaoan Hakka language, which is divided into three parts: consonants, vowels, and tones; Chapter 3 first explains the classification types of loanwords used in this paper, and analyzes four types of Minnan loanwords of the word form fully borrowed type, including word form fully borrowed and borrowed phonetics, word form fully borrowed and partially borrowed phonetics, word form fully borrowed and convert into Hakka phonetics, and word form fully borrowed and translaterated; Chapter 4 then analyzes three types of Minnan loanwords of the word form partially borrowed type, including word form partially borrowed and borrowed phonetics, word form partially borrowed and convert into Hakka phonetics, and word form partially borrowed and translaterated; Chapter 5 analyzes the Minnan loanwords with only borrowed phonetics but no borrowed word forms, including two types: fully borrowed phonetics but no borrowed word forms, and partially borrowed phonetics but no borrowed word forms; and Chapter 6 concludes the study.
Through analysis and generalization, the Zhaoan Hakka language has been changing at a much faster rate than that of other Hakka languages, and the reason for the loan of Zhaoan Hakka language is not out of cultural necessity, i.e., it is not to make up for the deficiencies of its own system, but rather a change in language habits due to the long-term and strong influence of Minnan language. This is supported by the fact that many words exist both in the original Zhaoan Hakka language and in the Minnan loanwords. The most influential words are verbs and adjectives, many of which are completely borrowed from the Minnan language. Secondly, there are loanwords, which have not changed in word form, but phonetics have gradually become more and more influenced by the Minnan language. Finally, there are the “word form borrowed and convert into Hakka phonetics” type of loanwords that borrow the form of the word, but convert it into the systematic phonetics of Zhaoan Hakka language, which is the largest number of loanwords of all types. However, the impetus for the loan was not due to a lack of corresponding vocabulary or lexemes in the Zhaoan Hakka language, but rather to the fact that the Hakka people of Zhaoan were well versed in the Minnan language, and knew how to switch between Zhaoan Hakka language and Minnan language, and when Minnan language penetrated, the Hakka people of Zhaoan naturally “translaterated” it into Zhaoan Hakka language, which resulted in the creation of so many loanwords of the “word form fully borrowed and convert into Hakka phonetics” and “word form partially borrowed and convert into Hakka phonetics” types. | en_US |