| dc.description.abstract | In the early Qing Dynasty in Taiwan, delimitation, prohibition and ethnic classification were the general direction of Taiwan′s official rule. The term ＂division＂ is the main axis, and administrative measures such as ＂delimitation＂, ＂classification＂ and ＂division and rules＂ have been implemented. Out of business interests, Fan-ke surpassed cultural and geographic barriers and challenged the official desire to ＂divide＂. In the public domain, anti-rights that were originally illegal and cross-border were entrusted by the government to block border areas or assist ＂indigenous peoples＂ to contribute to the government and use them to deal with local security issues in border areas. After the Huang Qiying and Zhang Bing incidents, the authorities began to pay attention to the deeper ＂simultaneity＂ of Fan-ke, which jeopardized their rule. During the Guangxu period, the Qing government actively ruled Taiwan, and at this time the border was included in the formal reclamation system. Obviously,the official attitude towards Fan-ke is adjusted according to border policy, social situation and public safety incidents. In the private sector, Fan-ke can play an important role in reducing conflicts regardless of how land development, water conservancy construction, and reclamation organizations operate in border areas.When land reclamation is hindered, survival is threatened, and ethnic groups are in crisis, Fan-ke can be seen entrusted to coordinate, talk and even help with private force.
The border area of Taiwan in the Qing Dynasty was the most fringe of the country’s ruling power. Smuggling transactions, first hunting, setting up of defensive gates, agreements, and bans were all staged in this field. They were not only the frontiers of interaction between ethnic groups, but also various parties The arena of forces. In addition to armed confrontation, the humanistic and geographic network established by Fan-ke added other possible options in the encounter and competition of hunting and farming civilizations, and constructed a diverse appearance of the border society. In the historical trajectory, the Qing government′s policy of gradually moving toward ＂demarcation＂，＂classification＂， and ＂divide and rule＂ has not prevented the exchanges between the two sides. On the contrary, the relationship between the two sides has gradually developed toward deeper and diversified interactive exchanges. | en_US |