| dc.description.abstract | For current clinical practice, bone substitute transplantation is the main therapeutic choice for bone defect treatments. Common options of bone substitute can be roughly divided into four categories： autografts, allografts, xenografts, and synthetic bone substitutes. Each of these options has some benefits and disadvantages. Autologous transplantation is limited by the lack of alternative tissue source, although it is still the gold standard in clinical. Allografts and xenografts may come from other people′s donated bones or even other animal-derived bone tissues, which are sintered at high temperature for removing immune responses but lacks biological activity. The advantage of synthetic materials (such as polymer-based or ceramic-based materials) is that they can be manufactured in large quantities, however, these synthetic materials can be only applied on specific injury sites. In view of the current lack of optimal clinical treatment, scientists are trying to use tissue engineering technique combined with cell therapy, hoping to create bioactive tissue-like substitutes to meet clinical needs. The aim of this study is to cultivate human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) forming biomineralized and vascular structure in-vitro via three-dimensional dynamic co-culture system. From two-dimensional culture condition, we have confirmed the best biomineralization of the two cells co-cultured at a 1:1 ratio. Afterwards, we have confirmed the cell proliferation, differentiation and biomineralization were improved in three-dimensional dynamic co-culture system. This study is expected to be able to create bioactive and functional bone-like tissues that meet individual needs and improve the shortcomings of current bone substitute transplants.
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