| dc.description.abstract | The Ming Dynasty to the later of Wan Li emperor, political affairs had decadency.
Therefore, later generations consider the Wan Li age as the critical period that the
powerful Ming Dynasty nation power turn into weak. And that ”the Ming
Shin ”criticized the declining and falling moment of Ming Dynasty. There was a
version of ” the Ming Dynasty crumbled, Shen Tzung in the next place, and the first
malefactor was Tsung Che”. Tsung Che Fang is the last premier of the Wan Li age, so
he is the key person of to make the prosperity and adversity of the Ming Dynasty.
Since the year of Wan Li 42, Tsung Che Fang taken charge of the premier, the
political situation had grand variations frequently. In the year of Wan Li 43, there was
an event happened that”The rod attacked affair” compromised of a crown prince safe.
In the year of Wan Li 45,”The ting szu ching cha” solicited acrimonious factional
altercation. In the year of Wan Li 46, Slave Kazak red attacks Fushun, then officially
breaks off with the Ming Dynasty. Next year, the Saar hu campaign happened. After
slightly Yang pickaxe disastrous defeat, it causes the bright armed force three groups
to be completely destroyed. In the year of Wan Li 48, Shen zong emperor died and
Guang zong emperor took his place. However, Guang zong emperor served the post
of emperor only one month and more, at once,“red pellet affair”happened and
caused him sudden death . After emperor Guang- zong died , Li-xuan shi still
occupied gan-qing-palace , and caused courtiers to afoul of Li-xuan shi clash strongly.
That affair was called“shift out palace affair”. By December this year, Tsung Che
Fang stepped down and ended to fill the first grand-secretary during six years and four
months.
During the period of Tsung Che Fang ruling the government, the achievements in
his official career had nothing good or unusual to report. Moreover, his character was
supple-cunning. Tsung Che Fang was afraid of speaking out in front of the emperor.
Although he was the first grand-secretary, he handled the government affairs with less
decisiveness. Furthermore, Tsung Che Fang was supported by other factions and
established a bad political environment. After Chu-Cheng Chang died, the position
of the first grand-secretary went down in the Ming Dynasty. Except for the political
environment, his personal abilities and characters caused the power of the
grand-secretary lower than before. Besides, because of the wrong decision, Ming
Chao commanded troops to Hou-Jin unsuccessfully and caused great damage to the
crops of Ming Chao. That event had a far-reaching influence on the crumbled Ming
Chao. Tsung Che Fang’s mismanagement to deal with “three-affair” as he was the first grand-secretary caused serious argues between the factions. Those are the
reasons to lead to degeneracy of Ming Chao.
This thesis study ranges from the year of Wan Li 42, the time that Tsung Che
Fang filled the first grand-secretary, to the year of Chong Zhen 1, which he died.
Through the study of Tsung Che Fang, can help to find the characters and positions he
had during the later Ming Dynasty .This study also analyzed political environment
and the work of the government, and discussed the reasons that Ming Dynasty came
to an end . | en_US |