| dc.description.abstract | Due to northern Mongolian enemy was not eliminated during early Ming dynasty,other than the Great Wall providing a shield, the horse propagation decisively became the major element to fight against the Mongolians who were excellent horsemen, the government must appreciate its horse policy. The prosperity of the horse policy and the strength of national defense were related, to strengthen its defense, the government had changed the horse policy from official to folk herding.
There were systematic changes with time and space. The Ming dynasty horse policy was not at all times unchanged, the systematic change of horse policy had caused a deteriorated fate unavoidable. Officials at the time knew that the horse policy had deteriorated and proposal was raised to change this condition but eventually the policy still failed.
Horse herding of Shan-dong folk was not initiated in the beginning of the dynasty, but after a certain span of time, when Shan-dong was chosen among many provinces. Besides being nationalized to pay tax, Shan-dong was assigned by government for horse herding service which affected the herdsmen extensively.
This text was referred to original records, emphasizing Shan-dong, through research study of Shan-dong horse policy, to understand government management of the folk herding system and further understanding the changes of entire horse policy during the Ming dynasty, its rise and decline, the role of Shan-dong played in the horse policy . Thru this research, analyzed the elements which failed the horse policy of Ming dynasty, the change from official to folk herding and the significance of Shan-dong horse policy. | en_US |