| dc.description.abstract | Malaysia is a nation with diversified peoples. In addition to Malaysian language, English and Chinese, there are also different local dialects derived from different native places of Chinese people, including Fujian, Guangdong, Zhaochou and Hainan dialects. The study adopted the Longchuan（龍川）Hakka language in Sabah（沙巴）Malaysia as research subject. In the area with so many dialects, we are interested in current conditions of Longchuan language.
We proceeded field survey at Sandakan（山打根）, Sabah State of Malaysia in 2009 and the results were physically shown in the essay. After listing the voice system, combination of sound, rhyme and accent, homophones and basic glossaries of Longchuang Hakka language, this essay studied the evolution of Longchuang Hakka language from ancient time to now through diachronic comparison, followed by the synchronic comparison of rhythm and glossaries among Sabah Longchuang, Guangdong Longchuang and local Chinese dialects (Guangfu（廣府話） and Hueiyang（惠陽話） languages) in Malaysia before showing the final results.
First, we found different affricates in term of initial consonant, the Ri, Ying and Yi vowels with affricated pronunciation 舌葉音□, the Xi, Xiao and Xia vowels in pronunciation s-,舌葉擦音□, with or without mix of Ni, Lai. In term of simple or compound vowel, there are with or without y vowel, distinguish from zhi（支）and zhi（脂）, high pitch of vowels Xiao, Xien She, the round lip and unrounded lip of Zhen She（臻攝）as well as pronunciations of few words showing a lot of entanglements among vowels Zhen（真）, Wen, Yuan. In respect of tone of voice, the phenomenon “Chuo Shang tone with the yin-p’ing” is special.
Next, we also found from the comparison of glossaries between Sabah Longchuang language and local Chinese dialect, Longchuang Hakka language obviously absorb many reading and words of Guangfu, Malaysia and English in neighborhood, such as “Ca Tai Pao (bluff, chat)”, “Lo Sit Lao (beggar)”, “Ba Lang Dao (chopper)”, “Han55 B□33 Lek5(steeling wheel)” etc, especially some glossaries still reserve the suffix noun “Li（里）”, such as “Lai Li (son), Moi Li (daughter)”.
Finally, from the external of Sabah Longchuang language, there is difference inside even though it is similar to local Hakka language. For example, if the vowel -i is pushed to the vowel 舌尖前元音□on the tip of the tongue, is the sound Xi, Xiao vowels coming from jaw, the word to be read in closed mouth is read in open mouth, the identification between vowel -iu and -eu of Liu She（流攝）are all the basis for judgment.
Keywords: Hakka dialect, Longchuan language, Malaysia, Sabah, phonology, comparative dialectology | en_US |