| dc.description.abstract | This paper aims at the Hakka language of Liantang district, Hezhou city, Guangxi province of China. The author collects local phonetics and vocabularies as the research objects by way of field investigation and interviews to probe the local voice sound, rhyme, tone of voice systems and the evolution of such phenomena as well as the tone sandhi and the structure of vocabulary.
The author employs research methods as follows: fieldwork method, voice description method, synchronic comparative method, diachronic comparative method, etc. Through these research methods, we aims to complete the collection of the elements of Hakka language, to understand the structure of linguistics and the law of Hakka language evolution, and to further explore the meaning, use and structure of Hakka words. This study uses synchronic comparative methods to explore the Hakka language’s evolution and the language of the masses, and also uses diachronic comparative methods to compare Liantang Hakka’s language with ancient Chinese phonology so as to understand the evolution and development of Liantang Hakka’s language.
This thesis is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter is an introduction. It is to introduces and discusses the following: 1. the motivation and purpose of the research, 2. historical background, 3. language overviews, 4. research methods,5. literature review, 6. pronunciation collaborators.
The second chapter discusses the plane pronunciation systems of Liantang Hakka language, including consonants, compound vowels, tones, tone Sandhi, literary and colloquial variant pronunciation and some other synchronic phenomenon and cites homophone table.
The third chapter compares Liantang Hakka’s language with ancient Chinese phonology diachronically. Through the comparison between Liantang Hakka language and ancient Chinese phonology of Guang Yun branch from vowels, consonants, tones aspects, this study is going to find out the evolution of Liantang Hakka languages from ancient to nowadays.
The fourth chapter is to analyze the dialect phonological characteristics of Liantang Hakka language, the different characteristics of phonology under the synchronic and diachronic influences from initial consonants, vowels and tones aspects. The features of initials included: 1. The initials of ancient voiced plosives and affricates usually read as aspirated sound after purified.2. There are literary and colloquial pronunciation in non-group words, the latter still maintains the feature of ＂ancient non light-labials＂; ＂ zhi-group＂ words show the feature of ＂ancient no tip-tongued affricates＂.3. No mixing between Ni initial and Lai initial.4. The confluence of “Jing, Zhuang, Zhi, Zhang ＂initials, and so on.Compound vowels′ features included: 1. There is a [- o: -a] vowel distinction between first grade and second grade in a mouth-opened vocabularies.2. The phenomenon of round-mouth characters which pronounce mouth openly.3. Emergence of fine-mouth characters in first grade and second grade vocabularies.4. Disappearance of medial [-i] in third grade and fourth grade vocabularies.5. Parts of vowel in Yu and Zhi Sir is read [- ] .6 .A few vowels in Zhi Sir is read [- e] and [- ai], and so on.Tones’ features include the following:1. Most of sub- turbid words with four tones: level, bounce, fall,and enter, are in Yang tone, while few sub- turbid words are in Yin tone.2. Part of full- turbid falling-rising tones belongs to level tone; others belong to falling tone.3 Part of sub- turbid falling-rising tones belong to level tone; others belong to rising tone, etc.
The fifth chapter compares the Hakka vocabulary of Liantang with the Hakka vocabulary used elsewhere,including Hakka languages of four counties in Taiwan, Mei County, Shui Zhai, Wu Hua in Guangdong province and other places. Through the comparison and analyzation,in order to understand the Hakka vocabularies’ usages and the differences respectively.
The sixth chapter is conclusion. Regarding integrated phonetic systems, phonetic characteristics and vocabulary comparison, and summarizes the research and give suggestions. | en_US |