以粒子濾波器延伸斷邊成封閉輪廓

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姓名

宋貫綸(Guan-Lun Song) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

資訊工程學系

論文名稱

以粒子濾波器延伸斷邊成封閉輪廓
(Contour Detection by Linking Broken Edge using Particle Filter)

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摘要(中)

影像區塊分割 (region segmentation) 是影像應用的一個重要之前處理步驟，目的在於分割完整區塊以簡化在分析影像時候需要處理之資料量及運算量，並且提升正確性。為了將影像內相似性質且相鄰的像素分割成同一區塊，常使用的方法有區塊成長法及影像灰階群聚法。而當影像區塊間部份邊界不明顯及區塊內灰階不一致，上述方法容易在這些區塊偵測錯誤的輪廓。因此我們使用邊緣偵測法先取得區塊間灰階差異較大的像素位置作為初始邊緣線段。再以初始邊緣的斷點為起點作邊緣延伸將區塊分割，最後完成封閉輪廓。本研究提出以粒子濾波器來延伸斷邊使影像形成封閉輸廓之方法。
我們所提出的粒子濾波器延伸斷邊成封閉輪廓的方法，共分成四個部份：影像平滑化、邊緣偵測、粒子濾波邊緣延伸、相鄰區塊合併。首先，以雙向濾波器 (bilateral filter) 去除影像雜訊並保留重要的邊緣資訊。接著，再由影像的梯度量與方向 (gradient magnitude and direction) 偵測邊緣。然後，偵測邊緣的斷點位置，並以此斷點為起點，做粒子濾波器邊緣延伸以形成封閉輪廓。最後，考慮相鄰區塊的灰階差異，決定是否進行合併以減少過度分割。
我們以紅外線熱感影像 (infrared thermography, IRT)、核磁共振影像 (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) 、X 光斷層成像 (computed tomography, CT)、及自然影像為實驗影像。在實驗中，將本研究分割方法與 mean shift 及 k-mean 分割方法做比較。計算分割結果中各區塊內之色差平方和 (squared color error) 來評估影像分割結果。本論文使用此準則評估影像分割結果。藉由此準則，可以取得分割區塊內部的灰階變化量。較好的區塊分割，區塊內部的灰階差異小則平均色差平方和小。以此準則評估結果，本論文方法的分割結果優於 mean shift 及 k-mean 的分割結果。

摘要(英)

Image segmentation is an important processing step in image analysis and computer vision. The goal of segmentation is to simplify and change the representation of an image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyze. Similar regions of an image are regions containing common characteristics. Region growing method and gray clustering method are used to segment an image. However these methods are hard to segment image that have low contrast.
In this paper, we propose contour detection by linking broken edges using particle filter. The method includes four parts: image smoothing, edge detection, edge extension, region merge. First, we use the bilateral filter to reduce image noise and to preserve edge. Second, we use gradient magnitude and direction to detect edge. Third, we use the particle filter to link broken edges in order to obtain a closed contour. Finally, the region merging method is used to merge regions with similar gray level.
In the experiment, we use infrared thermography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and natural image as experimental images. The segmentation method in this study is comparison to mean shift segmentation and k-mean segmentation. We calculate the squared color error of each region to evaluate the image segmentation results. Experimental results of the proposed method are better than mean shift and k-mean segmentation results in this evaluate criterion.

關鍵字(中)

★ 粒子濾波器
★ 邊緣偵測
★ 區塊分割
★ 影像分割
★ 輪廓偵測

關鍵字(英)

★ particle filter
★ edge detection
★ region segmentation
★ image segmentation
★ contour detection

論文目次

摘要 ii
Abstract iii
致謝 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xiii
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 系統架構 2
1.3 論文架構 4
第二章相關研究 5
2.1 影像分割 5
2.1.1 門檻值分割法 5
2.1.2 區塊分割法 7
2.1.3 結合區塊與邊緣的分割法 10
2.1.4 其他分割法 12
2.2 邊緣偵測 14
2.3 邊緣連結 16
2.4 區塊結合 18
第三章邊緣偵測 21
3.1 雙向濾波器 21
3.2 邊緣偵測 23
3.2.1 邊緣方向資訊擷取 23
3.2.2 邊緣方向資訊為基礎之邊緣偵測 25
3.3 斷點偵測方法 26
第四章粒子濾波器邊緣延伸 28
4.1 基本理論 28
4.1.1 蒙地卡羅法 28
4.1.2 粒子濾波器 29
4.2 粒子濾波器邊緣延伸 32
4.2.1 預測階段 34
4.2.2 觀察階段 36
4.2.3 估計階段 40
4.2.4 重新取樣 41
4.3 相鄰區塊結合 43
第五章實驗 45
5.1 實驗影像及影像分割結果 45
5.1.1 紅外線熱感影像分割 45
5.1.2 核磁共振影像分割 49
5.1.3 自然影像分割 52
5.1.4 X 光斷層成像影像分割 55
5.2 影像分割比較 56
5.2.1 紅外線熱感影像分割比較 56
5.2.2 核磁共振影像分割比較 60
5.2.3 自然影像分割比較 64
5.2.4 X 光斷層成像影像分割比較 68
5.3 影像分割評估 69
5.3.1 區塊分割評估準則介紹 69
5.3.2 實驗影像評估 70
5.3.3 實驗結果討論 72
第六章結論與未來展望 74
參考文獻 76

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指導教授

曾定章(Din-Chang Tseng)

審核日期

2013-7-25

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