參考文獻 |
Abercrombie, H. C., Speck, N. S., & Monticelli, R. M. (2006). Endogenous cortisol elevations are related to memory facilitation only in individuals who are emotionally aroused. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31(2), 187-196. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.06.008
Anderson, M. C., Bjork, R. A., & Bjork, E. L. (1994). Remembering Can Cause Forgetting - Retrieval Dynamics in Long-Term-Memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition, 20(5), 1063-1087. doi: Doi 10.1037/0278- 7393.20.5.1063
Andreano, J. M., & Cahill, L. (2006). Glucocorticoid release and memory consolidation in men and women. Psychol Sci, 17(6), 466-470. doi: DOI 10.1111/j.1467- 9280.2006.01729.x
Aneshensel, C. S. (1992). Social stress: Theory and research. Annual review of sociology, 15-38.
Arnsten, A. F. T. (2009). Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), 410-422. doi: Doi 10.1038/Nrn2648
Azimian-Faridani, N., & Wilding, E. L. (2006). The influence of criterion shifts on electrophysiological correlates of recognition memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(7), 1075-1086. doi: DOI 10.1162/jocn.2006.18.7.1075
Beckner, V. E., Tucker, D. M., Delville, Y., & Mohr, D. C. (2006). Stress facilitates consolidation of verbal memory for a film but does not affect retrieval. Behavioral Neuroscience, 120(3), 518-527. doi: Doi 10.1037/0735-7044.120.3.518
Bjork, R. A. a. B., E.L. (1992). A new theory of disuse and an old theory of stimulus fluctuation From Learning Processes to Cognitive Processes: Essays in Honor of William K. Estes (Vol. 2, pp. 35-67). Erlbaum.
79
Brewer, G. A., & Unsworth, N. (2012). Individual differences in the effects of retrieval from long-term memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 66(3), 407-415. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.jml.2011.12.009
Buchanan, T. W., Tranel, D., & Adolphs, R. (2006). Impaired memory retrieval correlates with individual differences in cortisol response but not autonomic response. Learning & Memory, 13(3), 382-387. doi: Doi 10.1101/Lm.206306
Butler, A. C., & Roediger, H. L. (2008). Feedback enhances the positive effects and reduces the negative effects of multiple-choice testing. Memory & Cognition, 36(3), 604- 616. doi: Doi 10.3758/Mc.36.3.604
Butler, A. C. (2010). Repeated Testing Produces Superior Transfer of Learning Relative to Repeated Studying. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition, 36(5), 1118-1133. doi: Doi 10.1037/A0019902
Cahill, L., Gorski, L., & Le, K. (2003). Enhanced human memory consolidation with post-learning stress: interaction with the degree of arousal at encoding. Learn Mem, 10(4), 270-274. doi: 10.1101/lm.62403
Camp, G., Pecher, D., & Schmidt, H. G. (2007). No retrieval-induced forgetting using item-specific independent cues: evidence against a general inhibitory account. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition, 33(5), 950-958. doi: Doi 10.1037/0278-7393.33.5.950
Carpenter, S. K., Pashler, H., & Vul, E. (2006). What types of learning are enhanced by a cued recall test? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13(5), 826-830. doi: Doi 10.3758/Bf03194004
Carrier, M., & Pashler, H. (1992). The influence of retrieval on retention. Memory & Cognition, 20, 633-642. doi: 10.3758/BF03202713
Cassady, J. C. (2004). The impact of cognitive test anxiety on text comprehension and recall in the absence of external evaluative pressure. Applied Cognitive Psychology,
80
18(3), 311-325. doi: Doi 10.1002/Acp.968
Chan, J. C. (2009). When does retrieval induce forgetting and when does it induce facilitation? Implications for retrieval inhibition, testing effect, and text processing. Journal of Memory and Language, 61(2), 153-170.
Chan, J. C. K., & McDermott, K. B. (2007). The testing effect in recognition memory: A dual process account. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition, 33(2), 431-437. doi: Doi 10.1037/0278-7393.33.2.431
Chan, J. C. K., McDermott, K. B., & Roediger, H. L. (2006). Retrieval-induced facilitation: Initially nontested material can benefit from prior testing of related material. Journal of Experimental Psychology-General, 135(4), 553-571. doi: Doi 10.1037/0096- 3445.135.4.553
Crooks, T. J. (1988). The impact of classroom evaluation practices on students. Review of educational research, 58(4), 438-481.
de Kloet, E. R., Joels, M., & Holsboer, F. (2005). Stress and the brain: From adaptation to disease. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 6(6), 463-475. doi: Doi 10.1038/Nrn1683
de Kloet, E. R., Oitzl, M. S., & Joels, M. (1999). Stress and cognition: are corticosteroids good or bad guys? Trends in Neurosciences, 22(10), 422-426. doi: Doi 10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01438-1
de Quervain, D. J. F., Roozendaal, B., & McGaugh, J. L. (1998). Stress and glucocorticoids impair retrieval of long-term spatial memory. Nature, 394(6695), 787- 790.
DeCaro, M. S., Thomas, R. D., Albert, N. B., & Beilock, S. L. (2011). Choking Under Pressure: Multiple Routes to Skill Failure. Journal of Experimental Psychology- General, 140(3), 390-406. doi: Doi 10.1037/A0023466
81
Diamond, D. M., Bennett, M. C., Fleshner, M., & Rose, G. M. (1992). Inverted-U Relationship between the Level of Peripheral Corticosterone and the Magnitude of Hippocampal Primed Burst Potentiation. Hippocampus, 2(4), 421-430. doi: DOI 10.1002/hipo.450020409
Diamond, D. M., Campbell, A. M., Park, C. R., Halonen, J., & Zoladz, P. R. (2007). The temporal dynamics model of emotional memory processing: a synthesis on the neurobiological basis of stress-induced amnesia, flashbulb and traumatic memories, and the Yerkes-Dodson law. Neural Plast, 2007, 60803. doi: 10.1155/2007/60803
Dreifus, L., Engler, H., & Kissler, J. (2014). Retrieval-induced forgetting under psychosocial stress: No reduction by delayed stress and beta-adrenergic blockade. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 110, 35-46. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.01.010
Dudai, Y. (2006). Reconsolidation: the advantage of being refocused. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 16(2), 174-178. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.conb.2006.03.010
Durkheim, Emile (1897) [1951]. Suicide : a study in sociology. The Free Press. ISBN 0-684-83632-7.
Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M. G. (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory. Emotion, 7(2), 336-353. doi: Doi 10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.336
Feingold, A. (1994). Gender differences in personality: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 116(3), 429-456.
Foley, P., & Kirschbaum, C. (2010). Human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to acute psychosocial stress in laboratory settings. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 35(1), 91-96. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.010
Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Dunkel-Schetter, C., DeLongis, A., & Gruen, R. J. (1986). Dynamics of a stressful encounter: cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov′t]. J Pers Soc Psychol, 50(5), 992-1003.
82
Gates, A. I. (1917). Is recitation as a factor in memorizing (Vol. 40). New York. Glover, J. A. (1989). The "testing"phenomenon: Not gone but nearly forgotten.
Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 392-399.
Henckens, M. J. A. G., van Wingen, G. A., Joels, M., & Fernandez, G. (2010). Time- Dependent Effects of Corticosteroids on Human Amygdala Processing. Journal of Neuroscience, 30(38), 12725-12732. doi: Doi 10.1523/Jneurosci.3112-10.2010
Herron, J. E., Quayle, A. H., & Rugg, M. D. (2003). Probability effects on event- related potential correlates of recognition memory. Cognitive Brain Research, 16(1), 66- 73. doi:10.1016/S0926-6410(02)00220-3
Hinze, S. R. R., D. N. (2014). Retrieval (Sometimes) Enhances Learning: Performance Pressure Reduces the Benefits of Retrieval Practice. Applied Cognitive Psychology. doi: 10.1002/acp.3032
Hupbach, A., & Fieman, R. (2012). Moderate Stress Enhances Immediate and Delayed Retrieval of Educationally Relevant Material in Healthy Young Men. Behavioral Neuroscience, 126(6), 819-825. doi: Doi 10.1037/A0030489
Joels, M., Pu, Z. W., Wiegert, O., Oitzl, M. S., & Krugers, H. J. (2006). Learning under stress: How does it work? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(4), 152-158. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2006.02.002
Karpicke, J. D. (2012). Retrieval-Based Learning: Active Retrieval Promotes Meaningful Learning. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(3), 157-163. doi: 10.1177/0963721412443552
Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger, H. L. (2008). The critical importance of retrieval for learning. Science, 319(5865), 966-968. doi: DOI 10.1126/science.1152408
Kim, J. J., & Yoon, K. S. (1998). Stress: metaplastic effects in the hippocampus. Trends in Neurosciences, 21(12), 505-509. doi: Doi 10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01322-8
83
Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K. M., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1993). The Trier Social Stress Test - a Tool for Investigating Psychobiological Stress Responses in a Laboratory Setting. Neuropsychobiology, 28(1-2), 76-81. doi: Doi 10.1159/000119004
Kirschbaum, C., Kudielka, B. M., Gaab, J., Schommer, N. C., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1999). Impact of gender, menstrual cycle phase, and oral contraceptives on the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Psychosom Med, 61(2), 154-162.
Koessler, S., Steidle, L., Engler, H., & Kissler, J. (2013). Stress eliminates retrieval- induced forgetting-Does the oral application of cortisol? Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(1), 94-106. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.05.004
Kuhlmann, S., Piel, M., & Wolf, O. T. (2005). Impaired memory retrieval after psychosocial stress in healthy young men. Journal of Neuroscience, 25(11), 2977-2982. doi: Doi 10.1523/Jneurosci.5139-04.2005
Landauer, T. K., &Bjork, R. A. (1978). Optimal rehearsal patterns and name learning. In P. E. M. In M.M. Gruneberg, & R. N. Sykes (Ed.), Practical aspects of memory (pp. 625-632). London: Academic Press.
Lazarus, R. S. (1993). From Psychological Stress to the Emotions - a History of Changing Outlooks. Annu Rev Psychol, 44, 1-21. doi: DOI 10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.000245
Lisman, J. E., & Grace, A. A. (2005). The hippocampal-VTA loop: Controlling the entry of information into long-term memory. Neuron, 46(5), 703-713. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.05.002
Lupien, S. J., Gillin, C. J., & Hauger, R. L. (1999). Working memory is more sensitive than declarative memory to the acute effects of corticosteroids: A dose-response study in humans. Behavioral Neuroscience, 113(3), 420-430. doi: Doi 10.1037/0735- 7044.113.3.420
Lupien, S. J., Maheu, F., Tu, M., Fiocco, A., & Schramek, T. E. (2007). The effects
84
of stress and stress hormones on human cognition: Implications for the field of brain and cognition. Brain and Cognition, 65(3), 209-237. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.bandc.2007.02.007
Lupien, S. J., Wilkinson, C. W., Briere, S., Menard, C., Kin, N. M. K. N. Y., & Nair, N. P. V. (2002). The modulatory effects of corticosteroids on cognition: studies in young human populations. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 27(3), 401-416. doi: Pii S0306- 4530(01)00061-0
Doi 10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00061-0
McEwen, B., Nasveld, P., Palmer, M., & Anderson, R. (2012). Allostatic Load: A review of the literature. Canberra: Department of Veterans’ Affairs.
McGaugh, J. L. (2000). Neuroscience - Memory - a century of consolidation. Science, 287(5451), 248-251. doi: DOI 10.1126/science.287.5451.248
McGaugh, J. L., & Roozendaal, B. (2002). Role of adrenal stress hormones in forming lasting memories in the brain. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 12(2), 205-210. doi: Doi 10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00306-9
Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and Validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28(6), 487-495. doi: Doi 10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6
Nakazato, K., & Shimonaka, Y. (1989). The Japanese State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: age and sex differences. Percept Mot Skills, 69(2), 611-617. doi: 10.2466/pms.1989.69.2.611
Nungester, R. J., & Duchastel, P. C. (1982). Testing versus review: Effects on retention. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74(1), 18.
Palmer, S. D., Havelka, J., & van Hooff, J. C. (2013). Changes in Recognition Memory over Time: An ERP Investigation into Vocabulary Learning. PLoS One, 8(9). doi: ARTN e72870DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0072870
85
Payne, J. D., Jackson, E. D., Hoscheidt, S., Ryan, L., Jacobs, W. J., & Nadel, L. (2007). Stress administered prior to encoding impairs neutral but enhances emotional long-term episodic memories. Learning & Memory, 14(12), 861-868. doi: Doi 10.1101/Lm.743507
Pyc, M. A., & Rawson, K. A. (2009). Testing the retrieval effort hypothesis: Does greater difficulty correctly recalling information lead to higher levels of memory? Journal of Memory and Language, 60(4), 437-447. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.jml.2009.01.004
Richardson, J. T. E. (1985). The Effects of Retention Tests upon Human Learning and Memory: an historical review and an experimental analysis. Educational Psychology, 5(2), 85-114. doi: 10.1080/0144341850050201
Roediger, H. L., 3rd, & Butler, A. C. (2011). The critical role of retrieval practice in long-term retention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(1), 20-27. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2010.09.003
Roediger, H. L., Gallo, D. A., & Geraci, L. (2002). Processing approaches to cognition: The impetus from the levels-of-processing framework. Memory, 10(5-6), 319- 332. doi: Doi 10.1080/09658210224000144
Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006a). The Power of Testing Memory Basic Research and Implications for Educational Practice. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(3), 181-210. doi: DOI 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00012.x
Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006b). Test-enhanced learning - Taking memory tests improves long-term retention. Psychol Sci, 17(3), 249-255. doi: DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01693.x
Rome, H. P., & Braceland, F. J. (1952). The psychological response to ACTH, cortisone, hydrocortisone, and related steroid substances. American Journal of Psychiatry, 108(9), 641-651.
Roozendaal, B., & McGaugh, J. L. (1997). Glucocorticoid receptor agonist and
86
antagonist administration into the basolateral but not central amygdala modulates memory storage. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 67(2), 176-179.
Roozendaal, B., McReynolds, J. R., & McGaugh, J. L. (2004). The basolateral amygdala interacts with the medial prefrontal cortex in regulating glucocorticoid effects on working memory impairment. Journal of Neuroscience, 24(6), 1385-1392. doi: Doi 10.1523/Jneurosci.4664-03.2004
Roozendaal, B., Okuda, S., De Quervain, D. J. F., & McGaligh, J. L. (2006). Glucocorticoids interact with emotion-induced noradrenergic activation in influencing different memory functions. Neuroscience, 138(3), 901-910. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.07.049
Schwabe, L., Bohringer, A., Chatterjee, M., & Schachinger, H. (2008). Effects of pre-learning stress on memory for neutral, positive and negative words: Different roles of cortisol and autonomic arousal. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 90(1), 44-53. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.nlm.2008.02.002
Schwabe, L., Haddad, L., & Schachinger, H. (2008). HPA axis activation by a socially evaluated cold-pressor test. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 33(6), 890-895. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.03.001
Schwabe, L., Oitzl, M. S., Philippsen, C., Richter, S., Bohringer, A., Wippich, W., & Schachinger, H. (2007). Stress modulates the use of spatial versus stimulus-response learning strategies in humans. Learning & Memory, 14(1-2), 109-116. doi: Doi 10.1101/Lm.435807
Schwabe, L., Romer, S., Richter, S., Dockendorf, S., Bilak, B., & Schahinger, H. (2009). Stress effects on declarative memory retrieval are blocked by a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34(3), 446-454. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.10.009
Schuster, T. L., Kessler, R. C., & Aseltine Jr, R. H. (1990). Supportive interactions,
87
negative interactions, and depressed mood. American journal of community psychology, 18(3), 423-438.
Schwabe, L., & Wolf, O. T. (2010). Stress impairs the reconsolidation of autobiographical memories. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 94(2), 153-157. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.nlm.2010.05.001
Slavich, G. M., O’Donovan, A., Epel, E. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2010). Black sheep get the blues: A psychobiological model of social rejection and depression. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(1), 39-45.
Smeets, T., Giesbrecht, T., Jelicic, M., & Merckelbach, H. (2007). Context- dependent enhancement of declarative memory performance following acute psychosocial stress. Biol Psychol, 76(1-2), 116-123. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.07.001
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the state- trait anxiety inventory.
Thompson, C. P., Wenger, S. K., & Bartling, C. A. (1978). How recall facilitates subsequent recall: A reappraisal. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4(3), 210.
Tse, C. S., & Pu, X. P. (2012). The Effectiveness of Test-Enhanced Learning Depends on Trait Test Anxiety and Working-Memory Capacity. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied, 18(3), 253-264. doi: Doi 10.1037/A0029190
Tulving, E. (1967). The effects of presentation and recall of material in free-recall learning. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 6(2), 175-184.
Unsworth, N., & Engle, R. W. (2005). Individual differences in working memory capacity and learning: Evidence from the serial reaction time task. Memory & Cognition, 33(2), 213-220. doi: Doi 10.3758/Bf03195310
88
Vallesi, A., & Shallice, T. (2006). Prefrontal involvement in source memory: An electrophysiological investigation of accounts concerning confidence and accuracy. Brain Research, 1124, 111-125. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.076
van Stegeren, A. H., Wolf, O. T., Everaerd, W., Scheltens, P., Barkhof, F., & Rombouts, S. A. R. B. (2007). Endogenous cortisol level interacts with noradrenergic activation in the human amygdala. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 87(1), 57-66. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.nlm.2006.05.008
Verkoeijen, P. P. J. L., Bouwmeester, S., & Camp, G. (2012). A Short-Term Testing Effect in Cross-Language Recognition. Psychol Sci, 23(6), 567-571. doi: Doi 10.1177/0956797611435132
Vilberg, K. L., Moosavi, R. F., & Rugg, M. D. (2006). The relationship between electrophysiological correlates of recollection and amount of information retrieved. Brain Research, 1122, 161-170. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.023
Wheeler, M. A., & Roediger, H. L. (1992). Disparate effects of repeated testing: Reconciling Ballard′s (1913) and Bartlett′s (1932) results. Psychological Science, 3, 240- 245. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00036.x
Wheeler, M. A., Ewers, M., & Buonanno, J. F. (2003). Different rates of forgetting following study versus test trials. Memory, 11(6), 571-580. doi: 10.1080/09658210244000414
Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J.D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459- 482.
Zeidner, M. (1998). Test anxiety: The state of the art. New York: NY: Plenum Press.
Zhao, L. Y., Zhang, X. L., Shi, J., Epstein, D., & Lu, L. (2009). Psychosocial stress after reactivation of drug-related memory impairs later recall in abstinent heroin addicts. Psychopharmacology, 203(3), 599-608. doi: DOI 10.1007/s00213-008-1406-2
89
Zhong, J., Wang, C., Li, J., & Liu, J. (2009). Penn State Worry Questionnaire: structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B, 10(3), 211-218. doi: DOI 10.1631/jzus.B0820189
鍾思嘉、龍長風. (1984). 修訂情境與特質焦慮量表之研究. 測驗年刊, 31, 27-36. |