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姓名 羅光佑(Kuang-Yu Lo) 查詢紙本館藏 畢業系所 土木工程學系 論文名稱 煤灰地盤液化改良工法離心模型試驗之研究 相關論文 檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式]
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摘要(中) 大部分的火力發電廠是以燃煤產生熱能發電的。燃煤除了發電外，也產生煤灰，但基於環保要求，煤灰不得運送至廠外處理，故以水力回填的方式將煤灰運送至鄰近發電廠的海邊進行回填，便形成了煤灰地盤。大型火力發電廠利用鄰近回填的煤灰地盤進行擴建。但是台灣地震頻繁，對於細料含量高的無塑性煤灰來說，是相當容易發生液化的。因此為了擴建的需要，台中及林口的火力發電廠分別進行了擠壓砂樁以及排水礫石樁來改良煤灰地盤。但對於淺層煤灰之擠壓效果不佳，也無法觀察確認其排水效果，因此需要針對煤灰地盤進行模型試驗。
為瞭解改良後的煤灰地盤在地震作用下的液化潛能，本研究以離心試驗模擬改良後的煤灰地盤受震反應，並以加速度歷時、水壓歷時、沉陷量來瞭解受震後的煤灰液化特性液以及改良工法對煤灰地盤的排水效果。根據試驗結果所得結論為:(1)不論是排水砂樁或是排水礫石樁，樁距2.5公尺與3公尺之改良效果無明顯差距；(2)煤灰液化時，顆粒容易被帶進礫石樁內，導致礫石樁排水效果不佳；(3)包覆濾層能有效防止煤灰顆粒滲入礫石樁內，且能減輕淺層煤灰地盤液化的情形。
摘要(英) For many Fossil-fuel power stations, burning coal is the most used type to generate electricity because coal is cheaper than other material. Not only generating electricity, but burning coal also produced ash named coal ash. Because of environment demand, it is not allowed to transport ash to overseas. Thus it is used to transporting ash from thermal power plant to adjacent seashore by hydraulic filling and building ash ground. The large thermal power plant used ash ground to expanse plant area, but there are many earthquakes in Taiwan. Liquefaction can easily happened in ash with high fines. Therefore, they conducted sand compaction pile and gravel drain pile to improve ground in Taichung and Linkou. Consequently, the effective of compaction is not obvious for shallow ash ground and difficult to observe the influence of drain, and acknowledge of liquefaction characteristics of ash is insufficient. For these reasons, it is necessary to conduct modeling test.
This study presents centrifuge modeling tests designed to simulate the vibration response of improved ash ground. According to test results: (1) It’s no obvious difference between piles space 2.5 m and 3 m, no matter sand drain pile or gravel drain pile. (2) It’s easy for coal ash to be taken into gravel pile when liquefaction, resulting in drain gravel pile is ineffective. (3) It’s effective to keep coal ash away from gravel pile with filter, and to mitigate liquefaction of shallow coal ash ground.
關鍵字(中) ★ 煤灰地盤
★ 地工離心機
★ 液化
★ 地盤改良
★ 排水砂樁
★ 排水礫石樁
★ 濾層關鍵字(英) ★ Coal ash ground
★ Geotechnical centrifuge
★ Liquefaction
★ Ground improvement
★ Sand drain pile
★ Gravel drain pile
★ filter論文目次 摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 IX
第 1 章 緒論 1
1.1 研究目的 1
1.2 研究方法 2
1.3 論文架構 2
第 2 章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 土壤液化 3
2.2 離心模型原理 3
2.2.1 離心模型之基本相似律 4
2.2.2 動態離心模型之基本相似律 4
2.3 煤灰有關之文獻 6
2.4 防治液化方法 9
第 3 章 試驗方法與試驗設備 11
3.1 試驗方法 11
3.2 試驗土樣基本性質與濾層介紹 11
3.3 試驗儀器與相關設備 12
3.3.1 地工離心機 12
3.3.2 振動台與資料擷取系統 12
3.3.3 大型壓密箱 13
3.3.4 U型箱 13
3.3.5 固壁式試驗箱 13
3.3.6 量測儀器 14
3.4 試驗準備步驟與流程 14
3.4.1 試體壓密 14
3.4.2 排水砂樁改良 15
3.4.3 礫石樁改良 15
3.4.4 量測儀器安裝及上層排水砂鋪設 15
3.4.5 離心機運轉前準備及振動試驗 16
第 4 章 試驗結果與分析 39
4.1 試驗規劃 39
4.2 試驗內容 40
4.3 壓密過程沉陷變化 41
4.4 升G過程變化 41
4.5 加速度歷時 42
4.5.1 主要震動 42
4.5.2 主要頻率 43
4.5.3 土層剪力波速 44
4.5.4 加速度放大倍數 45
4.6 超額孔隙水壓歷時 46
4.6.1 超額孔隙水壓比與超額孔隙水壓消散時間 46
4.7 沉陷歷時 49
4.7.1 沉陷量比較 49
第 5 章 結論與建議 120
5.1 結論 120
5.2 建議 121
參考文獻 122
參考文獻 1.Adalier, K., and Elgamal, A., “Mitigation of liquefaction and associated ground deformations by stone columns,” Engineering Geology, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 275-291 (2004).
2.Brennan, A.J, and Madabhushi, “Effectiveness of vertical drains in mitigation of liquefaction,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 22, No. 12, pp. 1059-1065 (2002).
3.Hamedi, A., and Marandi, S.M., “Laboratory studies on the effect of vertical gravel column drains on liquefaction potential,” International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 209-225 (2011).
4.Howell, R. et al., “Centrifuge modeling of prefabricated vertical drains for liquefaction remediation,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 138, No. 3, pp. 262-271 (2012).
5.Jakka, R.S., Datta, M., and Ramana, G.V., “Liquefaction behaviour of loose and compacted pond ash,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 7, pp. 580-590 (2010).
6.Kokusho, T., Nakashima, S., Kubo, A., and Ikeda, K., “Soil investigation of fly ash deposit improved by heavy compaction method,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 138, No. 6, pp. 738-746 (2012).
7.Okamura, M., Ishihara, M., and Oshita, T., “Liquefaction resistance of sand deposit improved with sand compaction piles,” Soils and Foundations, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 175-187 (2003).
8.Sadrekarimi, A., and Ghalandarzadeh, A., “Evaluation of gravel drains and compacted sand piles in mitigating liquefaction,” Journal of Ground Improvement, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 91-104 (2005).
9.Weber, T.M., Laue, J., and Springman, S.M., “Centrifuge modelling of sand compaction piles in soft clay under embankment load,” Institute for Geotechnical Engineering, Switzerland (2010).
10.林資凱，「水力回填煤灰之動態特性」，碩士論文，國立中央大學土木工程學系，中壢(2001)。
11.泰興工程顧問公司，「林口電廠更新擴建計畫主廠區技術服務專案地質鑽探及試驗工作成果報告書」，林口 (2009)。
12.黃俊鴻、葉品毅、呂昱達、林茂榮、郭麗雯，「台中火力電廠灰塘擠壓砂樁工法改良成效評估」，地工技術，第113期，第29-40頁 (2010) 。
13.李淑芬，「水力回填煤灰之大地工程性質」，碩士論文，國立中央大學土木工程學系，中壢 (2010)。
14.曾維宏，「以動態離心模型試驗模擬煤灰地盤之受震反應」，碩士論文，國立中央大學土木工程學系，中壢 (2014)。
指導教授 黃俊鴻(Jin-Hung Hwang) 審核日期 2015-8-21 推文 plurk
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