2016年鹿林山生質燃燒煙團傳輸氣膠特性解析

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陳建安(Jian-An Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

2016年鹿林山生質燃燒煙團傳輸氣膠特性解析

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摘要(中)

每年3至4月中南半島北部山區有大規模生質燃燒，燃燒煙團因熱力上升到高層大氣後，受盛行西風傳輸至東亞，影響範圍甚大，當傳輸煙團氣膠與雲層交會，將影響雲內水珠輻射收支，對區域氣候變遷有重大影響。
本研究於2015年8月至2016年4月在台灣鹿林山大氣背景觀測站(海拔2,862 m)，以去除前驅酸、鹼性氣體干擾並補償揮發氣膠成分的方法採集分析大氣氣膠化學成分。採樣分成兩個時期，前期為相對乾淨期間，可分成背景(Background, BK)與山谷風(Valley, VALY)期間，後期受中南半島生質燃燒長程傳輸影響(Biomass Burning, BB)，可分成受BB及不受BB影響(Non-Biomass-Burning, NBB)期間。在BK期間，PM2.5與PM10質量濃度平均為2.3 ± 1.8 μg m-3和3.5 ± 2.4 μg m-3，可視為東亞高山氣膠背景濃度。在採樣期間氣膠質量濃度是BB>NBB>VALY>BK，氣膠都以細粒徑為主。BB和NBB期間PM2.5水溶性無機離子主要物種為NH4+與SO42-，但BB期間nss-K+及NO3-濃度和占比都較NBB期間增大。
BB期間PM2.5碳成分的主導成分為OC3和EC1-OP，但OC4與K+相關性非常好(R=0.91)，有潛力成為生質燃燒指標成分。各碳成分中char-EC/soot-EC比值比OC/EC更能反應受生質燃燒影響。NBB期間PM2.5碳成分的主導成分為OC3和EC2。在BB期間採樣過程中，微粒揮發碳成分以低溫解析出的OC1與OC2為主，濾紙吸附的揮發性有機氣體以OC1濃度最高，PM10吸附的OC1/OC比例為其他粒徑的兩倍以上。由於微粒揮發碳成分沒有分析出OP，根據前述可推論低溫解析出的OC不易產生OP。

摘要(英)

Biomass burning (BB) occurs frequently in the mountain area of the northern Indochina from March to April evry year. The produced BB plume is uplifted thermodynamically to high altitude and transported by the prevailing westerly from Indochina to East Asia. As the plume distributes spatially during transport, it will affect solar radiation budget of cloud droplets when mixing with cloud layers to cause a significant effect on regional climate change.
This study collected atmospheric aerosol at Lulin Atmospheric Background Station (2,862 m) in Taiwan by adopting a denuder system to remove interfering precursor gases and correct for aerosol volatilization from August 2015 to April 2016. The sampling campaign split into two parts with the background (BK) and valley wind (VALY) periods in the relatively clean front part and under the influence of long-range BB plume transport and without the influence of BB (NBB) in the rear part. During the BK period, the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were 2.3 ± 1.8 μg m-3 and 3.5 ± 2.4 μg m-3, respectively, representing aerosol background concentration in high mountain area of East Asia. Aerosol mass concentrations varied following the order of BB >NBB >VALY >BK and fine particles dominated over all periods. For water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5, NH4+ and SO42- were the major components during the BB and NBB periods, while nss-K+ and NO3- ratios were enkanced additionally during the BB period.
As for PM2.5 carbonaceous content, OC3 and EC1-OP were the predominant components and OC4 correlated with K+ excellent well (R=0.91) to become potential BB tracers during the BB period. Among various carbonacous components, the ratio of char-EC/soot-EC was apparently more sensitive to BB than OC/EC. In contrast, OC3 and EC2 were predominant in PM2.5 carbonacous components during the NBB period. Interestingly, during the BB period, low-temperature resolved OC1 and OC2 were the predominant components of volatilized carbonaceous content from the preceeding filter and OC1 concentration was the highest component among the volatilized organic gases adsorbed in the back-up filter. In addition, the adsorbed OC1/OC ratio of PM10 were more than two-folds compared with that of other size intervals. Since no OP was resolved from the volatilized carbonaceous content, it implied from previous findigs that low-temperature resolved OC could hardly produce OP.

關鍵字(中)

★ 鹿林山
★ 生質燃燒
★ 氣團長程傳輸
★ 氣膠化學成分

關鍵字(英)

★ Mt. Lulin
★ biomass burning
★ long-range transport of biomass burning aerosol
★ aerosol chemical composition

論文目次

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
第一章前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章文獻回顧3
2.1 生質燃燒 3
2.1.1 中南半島近生質燃燒 3
2.1.2 台灣鹿林山生質燃燒長程傳輸影響 5
2.2 生質燃燒氣膠化學特性 6
2.2.1 氣膠碳成分 6
2.2.2 氣膠水溶性無機離子 9
2.2.3 氣膠單醣脫水化合物 10
2.2.4 氣膠二元酸 12
2.2.5 氣膠似腐植質(HULIS) 13
2.3 氣膠中和狀況與結合型態 15
2.4 濾紙採樣的誤差 16
2.4.1 有機碳採樣誤差 16
2.4.2 水溶性無機離子濾紙採樣誤差 18
第三章研究方法 20
3.1 研究架構 20
3.2 鹿林山空氣品質背景監測站(Lulin Atmospheric Background Station, LABS) 21
3.3.1台灣鹿林山後期觀測期間逆推氣流軌跡線分類 23
3.3.2 台灣鹿林山谷風判斷方法 27
3.3 採樣觀測儀器 29
3.3.1 R&P Model 3500自組式蜂巢式套管化學採樣器 29
3.3.2 高量採樣器 31
3.4 採樣濾紙選擇與前處理程序 32
3.4.1 儀器與濾紙配置 32
3.4.2 濾紙前處理 35
3.4.3 樣本運送與保存 36
3.5 樣本分析方法 37
3.5.1 樣本質量濃度秤重 37
3.5.2 氣膠碳成分分析 38
3.5.3氣膠水溶性無機離子分析 40
3.5.4 氣膠微粒揮發成分補償方法 43
3.5.5 氣膠水可溶有機碳分析 46
3.5.6 氣膠單醣脫水化合物 48
3.5.7 氣膠二元酸分析 50
3.5.8 氣膠腐植質分析 52
3.6 氣膠水溶性離子非海洋來源 55
3.7 判別生質燃燒發生的方法 55
3.7.1 美國太空總署(NASA)自然災害網 56
3.7.2 美國太空總署全球火災監測中心(GFMC) 56
3.7.3 氣流軌跡模式(NOAA HYSPLIT) 56
第四章結果與討論 58
4.1 2016年台灣鹿林山氣膠化學成分特性 58
4.1.1 PM1、PM2.5與PM10氣膠質量濃度 58
4.1.2 PM2.5氣膠碳成分 60
4.1.3 PM2.5氣膠水溶性無機離子 64
4.1.4 PM2.5氣膠有機物 70
4.2 2016年台灣鹿林山春季PM1、PM2.5與PM10氣膠粒徑特性 76
4.2.1 PM1與PM2.5 後期採樣時期氣膠成分粒徑占比 76
4.2.2 PM1與PM10 後期採樣時期氣膠成分粒徑占比 79
4.3 中南半島生質燃燒煙團氣膠吸附與揮發修正 83
4.3.1 修正吸附及揮發有機物 83
4.3.2 修正揮發水溶性無機離子 89
4.4 鹿林山非中南半島來源生質燃燒事件 96
第五章結論與建議 100
5.1結論 100
5.2建議 103
第六章參考文獻 104
附錄一鹿林山採樣平均成分表 116
附錄二鹿林山逆推軌跡圖 119
附錄三口試委員意見回覆 136

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指導教授

李崇德(Chung-Te Lee)

審核日期

2018-7-23

推文