B型肝炎疫苗與人力資本之關係

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張國晉(KUO-CHIN CHANG) 查詢紙本館藏

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產業經濟研究所

論文名稱

B型肝炎疫苗與人力資本之關係
(The causal relationship between Hepatitis B vaccination and human capital)

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摘要(中)

長期以來B型肝炎、肝硬化與肝癌威脅著台灣青壯人口的身體健康，導致台灣勞動族群受此慢性疾病所苦，拖累個人的經濟表現，但健康卻是發展個人經濟行為的重要資本，完整的公衛政策可望提升民眾的健康水準、促進人力資本的累積。台灣政府於1984與1986年相繼施行B型肝炎疫苗的接種計畫，迄今已歷經30年之久，諸多文獻詳載與B型肝炎疫苗相關的醫學研究以及成本效益分析，證實疫苗政策可降低新生兒受到母體垂直感染以及未來水平感染的機率，同時確定慢性B型肝炎最嚴重的年齡層為30歲以後，使本文可找出適當的觀察樣本進行後續分析。本文資料來源為衛福部全民健保資料庫與主計總處之2010人口普查，運用斷點迴歸模型設計，將疫苗政策視為外生變因，並且賦予其政策虛擬變數，使男性與女性分開估計，實證B型肝炎疫苗對薪資水準的顯著影響，結果顯示無論是男性或女性，疫苗對於薪資皆為正向影響，1986年的政策效果比起1984年更為顯著，若於1986年接種過B肝疫苗，男性的薪資水準會提高1.07%、女性則為0.79%，除此之外，我們希望薪資水準的變化只單純受疫苗政策外生變動而影響，額外估計疫苗政策對教育水準之影響。最後證明男性薪資水準是因疫苗政策影響，不會受到教育因素的干擾，但女性卻有部分受到影響。

摘要(英)

This literature proves the causal relationship between Hepatitis B vaccination and human capital. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the common reasons why some Taiwanese have chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Those chronic diseases threatened health level of Taiwanese young people, decreasing the human capital. Generally speaking, if the young are chronically infected with the HBV, hepatitis B will seriously interfere with economic activities in middle age. A nationwide program of hepatitis B vaccination has implemented in July 1984. In first two years, Newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers alone were vaccinated against HBV. After two years, all newborns have vaccinated in 1986. Numermous studies related with two programs revealed that prevalence of HBsAg was declining from 1984 until now. Because many epidemiology researches incidated the most severe phase of hepatitis B is the person whose age more than 30 years old, which makes me understand who are the samples of my article. The data resource came from Ministry of Health and Welfare, population and housing census 2010. I separated two genders in my data bases using Regression-Discontinuity Design to estimate causal relationships. Thus we exploited a dummy variable which represent program of hepatitis B vaccination and regarded monthly salary as independent variable. Whatever gender we estimated, our results suggest that both 1984 and 1986 programs are positive effect on monthly salary; also, program 1986 is more significant than 1984. Further, when Male had received hepatitis B vaccination in 1986, monthly salary would increase 1.07 percent. Otherwise, female who received hepatitis B vaccination in 1986 would raise to 0.79 persent. We hoped the variation of salary was only exogenously affected by hepatitis B vaccination, because we didn’t want the causal relationship to have endogeneity problems. Finally, we examined wheather the monthly salary was affected by education.

關鍵字(中)

★ B型肝炎疫苗
★ 斷點迴歸模型設計
★ 薪資水準
★ 台灣

關鍵字(英)

★ Hepatitis B vaccination
★ Regression-Discontinuity Design
★ salary
★ Taiwan

論文目次

摘要.............................i
Abstract........................ii
致謝辭..........................iii
目錄............................iv
圖目錄...........................vi
表目錄..........................vii
第一章、緒論......................1
第一節、研究動機..................1
第二節、研究目的..................5
第二章、文獻回顧..................8
第一節、政策評估與成本效益分析.....8
第二節、政策施行前後之經濟效益評估.11
第三節、慢性B肝如何影響人力資本.17
第三章、研究方法..............20
第一節、斷點迴歸設計...........20
第二節、RDD之實證模型..........22
第三節、本章小結...............24
第四章、資料與變數說明.........25
第一節、資料來源..............25
第二節、資料處理..............27
第三節、最佳帶寬選擇..........30
第四節、變數說明與簡易敘述統計.32
第五章、實證分析結果..........44
第一節、第一次疫苗政策........44
第二節、第二次疫苗政策........45
第三節、兩次政策之結果比較.....51
第四節、疫苗對於教育的影響.....53
第六章、結論..................60
第一節、結論與討論.............60
第二節、研究限制與建議.........62
參考文獻......................64
附錄..........................67

參考文獻

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指導教授

簡錦漢、蔡偉德

審核日期

2017-1-16

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